“…Therefore, they are important animal species in the transmission of energy in the ecosystem; with such an important role, it is suitable as an index species for habitat management (Bhumpakphan, 2000). Gaur in Thailand prefer grassland and open areas of moist evergreen, dry evergreen, semi-evergreen, and mixed deciduous forests and use both closed and open forest; however, due to the lack of grasses in dry evergreen forest, the gaur consumes more than 50% of the available tree and shrub seedlings (Bhumpakphan, 1997;Chetri, 2006;Yusof, 2009). The habitat preferences of sambar deer is higher in areas close to a main river at lower elevations, where the predominant habitat is mixed deciduous forest (Simcharoen et al, 2014).…”