Food Pricing Strategies, Population Diets, and Non-Communicable Disease: A Systematic Review of Simulation Studies

Eyles, Helen; Mhurchú, Cliona Ní; Nghiem, Nhung; Blakely, Tony

doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001353

Cited by 227 publications

(209 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Excessive consumption of sucrose from caloric soft drinks has been increasingly related to various health problems such as childhood obesity [26] and type 2 diabetes mellitus [27], which are strongly associated with the development of non-communicable chronic diseases. Based on this association, a recent study by Eyles et al [28] suggests that raising taxes on the sale of this type of drink and subsidizing the production of fruits and vegetables would be a potential strategy to promote beneficial changes in the dietary pattern of the population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumo de refrigerante reduz a ingestão de alimentos em ratos Wistar

Cony

Goularte

Souza

et al. 2016

Sci Med

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Aims:To evaluate the effect of caloric and non-caloric soft drink intake on food consumption, body weight and composition, and metabolic parameters in rats. Methods: Controlled experimental study in which 30 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups and given food and beverage ad libitum during 17 weeks. The groups were as follows, according to the offered food: Control group -standard chow and water; Caloric soft drink group -standard chow, caloric soft drink, and water; and Non-caloric soft drink group -standard chow, non-caloric soft drink, and water. Results: There was no statistical difference in total energy intake, body weight, and fat deposition between groups. However, the chow energy intake was 45% lower in the caloric soft drink group compared to the control and non-caloric soft drink groups (198.7±0.7 kJ vs. 349.4±2.0 and 373.0±1.3 kJ, respectively), with 46% of the energy provided by the soft drink. The caloric soft drink group consumed 22% more carbohydrate, especially sucrose, compared to the control group (p<0.05). Macronutrient intake was not different between the control and non-caloric soft drink groups, but the caloric soft drink group consumed less protein and lipids when compared to the other groups (3.5±1.0 g of protein vs. 6.2±0.1 and 6.7±0.1 g, respectively; 0.7±0.01 g of lipids vs. 1.3±0.02 g and 1.4±0.02 g, respectively). Consumption of non-caloric soft drinks increased total sodium intake and consumption of both soft drinks decreased water intake. Although body weight varied during the experiment, there was no significant difference between groups at the end of the experiment, and no difference in fat deposition, fasting glucose, insulin and leptin, insulin resistance index, and lipid profile. Conclusions: The consumption of both types of soft drinks did not affect energy intake, body weight and composition, or metabolic parameters; however, it increased fluid intake and decreased water ingestion. Caloric soft drink intake influenced the amount and the quality of solid food consumed, compromising diet quality.KEY WORDS: soft drinks; food consumption; macronutrients. RESUMOObjetivos: Avaliar o efeito do consumo de refrigerante calórico e não calórico sobre a ingestão alimentar, composição corporal, massa corporal e parâmetros metabólicos em ratos. Métodos: Estudo experimental com grupo controle. Trinta ratos Wistar machos foram divididos em três grupos e receberam alimentos e bebidas ad libitum. Os grupos foram os seguintes, conforme o alimento oferecido: Grupo controle -ração padrão e água; Grupo refrigerante calórico -ração padrão, refrigerante calórico e água; e Grupo refrigerante não calórico -ração padrão, refrigerante não calórico e água. Resultados: Não houve diferença estatística na ingestão total de energia, peso corporal e depósito adiposo entre os grupos. Entretanto, a ingestão de energia da ração foi 45% menor no Grupo refrigerante calórico comparado ao Grupo controle e ao Grupo refrigerante não calórico (198,7±0,7 kJ vs. 349,4±2,0 kJ e 373,0±1,3 kJ, respecti...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumo de refrigerante reduz a ingestão de alimentos em ratos Wistar

Cony

Goularte

Souza

et al. 2016

Sci Med

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“…The main arguments against farm policies playing a role are: (i) subsidies have a mixed effect on the prices and production outputs of various food items (33,34,36) ; (ii) the impacts on commodity prices offer savings to the food industry, but have little effect on food costs at retail and even less on those prices passed on to consumers (35) ; (iii) food consumption is relatively unresponsive to changes in market prices and so the very small food price changes induced by farm subsidies could not have had large effects on food consumption patterns (34) ; and (iv) food consumption has not previously changed markedly in response to policy-induced adjustments in relative prices (32) . However, ecological studies and public health commentaries suggest that farm policies do matter for health (12,13,(37)(38)(39) . Since agricultural policy changes in the 1970s (the origin for today's policies), food supplythe amount of energy available to the population -has increased from 9075 kJ (2169 kcal)/person per d in 1970 to 10 853 kJ (2594 kcal)/person per d in 2009 (40) , with the largest increase seen in refined grains (782 kJ (187 kcal)) and added fats and oils (703 kJ (168 kcal)).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of subsidized food commodities to total energy intake among US adults

Siegel

Bullard

Ali

et al. 2015

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: The contribution of subsidized food commodities to total food consumption is unknown. We estimated the proportion of individual energy intake from food commodities receiving the largest subsidies from 1995 to 2010 (corn, soyabeans, wheat, rice, sorghum, dairy and livestock). Design: Integrating information from three federal databases (MyPyramid Equivalents, Food Intakes Converted to Retail Commodities, and What We Eat in America) with data from the 2001-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, we computed a Subsidy Score representing the percentage of total energy intake from subsidized commodities. We examined the score's distribution and the probability of having a 'high' (≥70th percentile) v. 'low' (≤30th percentile) score, across the population and subgroups, using multivariate logistic regression. Setting: Community-dwelling adults in the USA. Subjects: Participants (n 11 811) aged 18-64 years. Results: Median Subsidy Score was 56·7 % (interquartile range 47·2-65·4 %). Younger, less educated, poorer, and Mexican Americans had higher scores. After controlling for covariates, age, education and income remained independently associated with the score: compared with individuals aged 55-64 years, individuals aged 18-24 years had a 50 % higher probability of having a high score (P <0·0001). Individuals reporting less than high-school education had 21 % higher probability of having a high score than individuals reporting college completion or higher (P = 0·003); individuals in the lowest tertile of income had an 11 % higher probability of having a high score compared with individuals in the highest tertile (P = 0·02). Conclusions: Over 50 % of energy in US diets is derived from federally subsidized commodities. Keywords Dietary intake Subsidized food commodities Obesity Diabetes National Health and Nutrition Examination SurveysIn the USA, 26 % and 14 % of mortality and disabilityadjusted life years, respectively, are related to our dietary patterns (1) . Traditionally, diets high in total energy, refined carbohydrates, and red and processed meats have been implicated in the development of obesity, diabetes and common co-morbidities, particularly CVD (2)(3)(4) , while diets high in fruit and vegetables are associated with reduced risks (5,6) . Currently, more than one-third (36 %) of American adults are obese (7) and 12 % have diabetes (8) , while heart disease is the leading cause of death (9) . Finding suitable policy interventions that positively influence the nation's diet and resulting cardiometabolic health has been challenging. The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) and US Department of Health and Human Services set nutritional recommendations that encourage consumption of diets high in fruits and vegetables and lower in energy, sugar, salt and saturated fat, but a recent report suggests that the majority of Americans do not meet these dietary guidelines (10) . Moreover, current US agricultural policies promote the production of refined grains, dairy and meat products. Fro...

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“…This finding is echoed in findings that dietary variety is significantly associated with caloric availability from staples, but more strongly associated with caloric availability from non-staples (Hoddinott and Yohannes 2002). Furthermore, interventions that have deflated fruit and vegetable prices generally have found that consumption increases (Powell et al 2009;Waterlander et al 2013;Eyles et al 2012;French 2003;An et al 2013). …”

Section: Affordabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The food environment, its effects on dietary consumption, and potential for measurement within agriculture-nutrition interventions

Herforth¹,

2015

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The food environment in markets constrains and signals consumers what to purchase. It encompasses availability, affordability, convenience, and desirability of various foods. The effect of income on dietary consumption is always modified by the food environment. Many agricultural interventions aim to improve incomes, increase food availability and reduce food prices. Their effects on nutrition could be better understood if food environment measures helped to explain how additional income is likely to be spent, and how food availability and prices change as a result of large-scale interventions. Additionally, measurement of the food environment could elucidate food access gaps and inform the design of nutrition-sensitive interventions. This paper reviews existing measures of the food environment, and then draws from these tools to suggest ways the food environment could be measured in future studies and monitoring.

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Food Pricing Strategies, Population Diets, and Non-Communicable Disease: A Systematic Review of Simulation Studies

Abstract: A systematic review of simulation studies conducted by Helen Eyles and colleagues examines the association between food pricing strategies and food consumption and health and disease outcomes.

Cited by 227 publications

References 55 publications

Consumo de refrigerante reduz a ingestão de alimentos em ratos Wistar

Consumo de refrigerante reduz a ingestão de alimentos em ratos Wistar

The contribution of subsidized food commodities to total energy intake among US adults

The food environment, its effects on dietary consumption, and potential for measurement within agriculture-nutrition interventions

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