Food Safety Risks and Issues Associated With Farming and Handling Practices for Organic Certified Fresh Produce

Ferelli, Angela Marie C.; Micallef, Shirley A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812060-6.00007-6

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…For example, studies in the mid-Atlantic region looking at tomatoes found a prevalence rate of 9.5%, and a rate of 6% for leafy green (Marine et al, 2015;Pagadala et al, 2015). However, comparisons of our findings with those from other studies need to account for the types of produce (e.g., root vegetables, leafy greens, and fruits), which are known from previous reports to have increased propensity for contamination (Harvey et al, 2016;Ferrelli and Micallef, 2019). In addition, soil proximity, and factors such as farming system, planting practices (e.g., mulch, irrigation type), spatial-temporal differences, and diagnostic detection limits may differ between farms and studies (Castro-Ibanez et al, 2015;Marine et al, 2015;Pagadala et al, 2015;Park et al, 2015).…”

Section: Produce Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 48%

Survival and Persistence of Foodborne Pathogens in Manure-Amended Soils and Prevalence on Fresh Produce in Certified Organic Farms: A Multi-Regional Baseline Analysis

Ramos

Jay-Russell

Millner

et al. 2021

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Biological soil amendments of animal origin (BSAAOs), including untreated (e.g., raw or aged manure, or incompletely composted manure) and treated animal products (e.g., compost), are used for crop production and as part of soil health management. Application of BSAAO's must be done cautiously, as raw manure commonly contains enteric foodborne pathogens that can potentially contaminate edible produce that may be consumed without cooking. USDA National Organic Program (NOP) certified production systems follow the 90-or 120-day interval standards between applications of untreated BSAAOs and crop harvest, depending on whether the edible portions of the crops are in indirect or direct contact with the soil, respectively. This study was conducted to evaluate the survival of four foodborne pathogens in soils amended with BSAAOs and to examine the potential for bacterial transfer to fresh produce harvested from USDA NOP certified organic farms (19) from four states. Only 0.4% (2/527) of produce samples were positive for L. monocytogenes. Among the untreated manure and compost samples, 18.0% (42/233) were positive for at least one of the tested and culturable bacterial foodborne pathogens. The prevalence of non-O157 STEC and Salmonella in untreated manure was substantially > that of E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes. Of the 2,461 soil samples analyzed in this study, 12.9% (318) were positive for at least one pathogen. In soil amended with untreated manure, the prevalence of non-O157 STEC [7.7% (190) and L. monocytogenes (5.0% (122), was > that of Salmonella (1.1% (26)] or E. coli O157 [0.04% (1)]. Foodborne pathogen prevalence in the soil peaked after manure application and decreased significantly 30 days post-application (dpa). However, non-O157 STEC and L. monocytogenes were recovered from soil samples after 90 and 120 dpa. Results indicate that produce contamination by tested foodborne pathogens was infrequent, but these data should not be generalized outside of the specific wait-time regulations for organic crop production and the farms studied. Moreover, other sources of contamination, e.g., irrigation, wildlife, environmental conditions, cropping and management practices, should be considered. This study also provides multi-regional baseline data relating to current NOP application intervals and development of potential risk mitigation strategies to reduce pathogen persistence in soils amended with BSAAOs. These findings contribute to filling critical data gaps concerning occurrence of fecal pathogens in NOP-certified farming systems used for production of fresh produce in different US regions.

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Section: Produce Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 48%

Survival and Persistence of Foodborne Pathogens in Manure-Amended Soils and Prevalence on Fresh Produce in Certified Organic Farms: A Multi-Regional Baseline Analysis

Ramos

Jay-Russell

Millner

et al. 2021

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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“…Current evidence does not demonstrate that organic farming provides produce that is less safe than that grown using conventional practices [ 29 ]. However, the higher environmental sustainability of organic farming is questioned.…”

Section: Pre-harvest Measures Taken For the Sake Of Fresh Produce Microbial Safety: Efficacy And Consequences Regarding Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Microbial Food Safety and Environmental Sustainability in the Fresh Produce Supply Chain

López‐Gálvez

Gómez

Artés

et al. 2021

Foods

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Improving the environmental sustainability of the food supply chain will help to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This environmental sustainability is related to different SDGs, but mainly to SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 12 (Responsible Production and Consumption), SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 15 (Life on Land). The strategies and measures used to improve this aspect of the food supply chain must remain in balance with other sustainability aspects (economic and social). In this framework, the interactions and possible conflicts between food supply chain safety and sustainability need to be assessed. Although priority must be given to safety aspects, food safety policies should be calibrated in order to avoid unnecessary deleterious effects on the environment. In the present review, a number of potential tensions and/or disagreements between the microbial safety and environmental sustainability of the fresh produce supply chain are identified and discussed. The addressed issues are spread throughout the food supply chain, from primary production to the end-of-life of the products, and also include the handling and processing industry, retailers, and consumers. Interactions of fresh produce microbial safety with topics such as food waste, supply chain structure, climate change, and use of resources have been covered. Finally, approaches and strategies that will prove useful to solve or mitigate the potential contradictions between fresh produce safety and sustainability are described and discussed. Upon analyzing the interplay between microbial safety and the environmental sustainability of the fresh produce supply chain, it becomes clear that decisions that are taken to ensure fresh produce safety must consider the possible effects on environmental, economic, and social sustainability aspects. To manage these interactions, a global approach considering the interconnections between human activities, animals, and the environment will be required.

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“…Understanding of risks associated with microbiologically polluted irrigation water vary among growers and depends on various factors, but knowledge of water quality and compliance to regulation is increasing (Carr et al, 2011;Hultberg et al, 2012;Ferelli & Micallef, 2019). Food safety conferences, enlightenment/extension programs and training in some regions has led to increased understanding of food safety risks associated with the use of microbiologically contaminated irrigation water (Parker et al, 2012).…”

Section: Part B: Establishing Microbiological Testing Criteria For Ir...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation into the microbial diversity and survival patterns of enteric pathogens in soil, irrigation water and vegetables in Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Oluwaseun Alegbeleye

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Doenças de origem alimentar resultantes do consumo de frutas e vegetais contaminados são muito comuns e podem ter impactos socioeconômicos potencialmente graves nas regiões afetadas. Isso exigiu pesquisas sobre as inúmeras maneiras e mecanismos pelos quais os patógenos podem obter acesso para produzir, comprometendo a segurança microbiológica.Algumas das rotas estabelecidas incluem solo contaminado, esterco, biossólidos, outros aditivos biológicos e água de irrigação. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a diversidade microbiana do solo do campo de produção e da água de irrigação utilizada em fazendas de hortaliças na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. O estudo usou abordagens de cultura convencionais (contagem de placas e filtração por membrana) para explorar a diversidade bacteriana em amostras de água de irrigação. Ele avaliou o comportamento de sobrevivência de 14 sorotipos de Salmonella spp, cinco cepas de cada um dos diferentes sorotipos patogênicos de E. coli (um total de 15) e comparou o comportamento de 14 sorotipos de Listeria monocytogenes usando contagens convencionais em placas. Por fim, avaliou-se a qualidade microbiológica de hortaliças prontas para o consumo (RTE) na área de Barão Geraldo, em Campinas, por meio do plaqueamento convencional e sequenciamento de amplicons. Na última fase, o comportamento de sobrevivência (ecologia) de Salmonella e L. monocytogenes em diferentes tipos de vegetais RTE foi avaliado por meio de Testes de Desafio Microbiológico (MCTs) e ferramentas microbiológicas preditivas (modelos).No final do estudo, os padrões de sobrevivência do patógeno, as relações entre os parâmetros ambientais, tendências sazonais, configuração da fazenda, técnicas de tratamento de esterco, água de irrigação e diversidade microbiana do solo e, finalmente, a diversidade microbiana das plantas RTE são muito mais bem compreendidos.

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Food Safety Risks and Issues Associated With Farming and Handling Practices for Organic Certified Fresh Produce

Cited by 3 publications

References 104 publications

Survival and Persistence of Foodborne Pathogens in Manure-Amended Soils and Prevalence on Fresh Produce in Certified Organic Farms: A Multi-Regional Baseline Analysis

Survival and Persistence of Foodborne Pathogens in Manure-Amended Soils and Prevalence on Fresh Produce in Certified Organic Farms: A Multi-Regional Baseline Analysis

Interactions between Microbial Food Safety and Environmental Sustainability in the Fresh Produce Supply Chain

Investigation into the microbial diversity and survival patterns of enteric pathogens in soil, irrigation water and vegetables in Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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