“…The concept of Food Insecurity Experience Scales (FIES) has a long history grounded in ethnographic studies. Their purpose is to understand the experience of hunger (Ballard, Kepple, and Cafiero, 2013;Saint Ville, Po, Sen, Bui, and Melgar-Quiñonez, 2019). Ethnographic research conducted in the USA at the beginning of the 1990s revealed that experiencing FI is a process characterized initially by worry about having enough food, followed by dietary changes to make limited food resources last longer, and finally, reduced consumption of food (Radimer, Olson, and Campbell, 1990;Radimer, Olson, Greene, Campbell, and Habicht, 1992).…”