Food sources of free sugars in children’s diet and identification of lifestyle patterns associated with free sugars intake: the GRECO (Greek Childhood Obesity) study

Farajian, Paul; Risvas, Grigoris; Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B.; Zampelas, Antonis

doi:10.1017/s1368980015003146

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…The current study did not distinguish between low-sugar and SSB in their non-alcoholic beverage food group, so it is unknown whether beverages contributed to the group not meeting the WHO guideline. Two studies conducted on children in high-income countries have likewise found associations between dietary patterns and high free sugars intake (36,37) . Ambrosini et al (37) identified an 'energy-dense' pattern in English children characterised by the consumption of food groups high in sugars (confectionary, cakes and biscuits and SSB) and low intakes of nutrient-dense food groups (fruit, vegetables and high-fibre breads and cereals).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Ambrosini et al (37) also identified a 'non-energy-dense pattern' characterised by the consumption of food groups high in sugar (SSB, fruit juices and breakfast cereals) and low intakes of milk, margarines and oils, cheese and crisps (37) . Farajian et al (36) similarly identified 'pattern one' characterised by the consumption of refined carbohydrates (sweets, fast foods and SSB) and 'pattern 2' characterised by the consumption of food groups high in sugar (SSB, fruit juices and sweet spreads) and nutrient-dense food groups (vegetables and legumes). Comparable to the present findings, previously identified dietary patterns associated with high free sugars intake were characterised by the consumption of energy-dense food groups, food groups proportionally high in free sugars and nutrient-dense food groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary patterns associated with meeting the WHO free sugars intake guidelines

Steele

Eyles

Morenga

et al. 2020

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective:Emerging evidence suggests that free sugars intake in many countries exceeds that recommended by the WHO. However, information regarding real-world dietary patterns associated with meeting the WHO free sugars guidelines is lacking. The current study aimed to determine dietary patterns associated with meeting the guidelines to inform effective free sugars reduction interventions in New Zealand (NZ) and similar high-income countries.Design:Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis on repeat 24-h NZ Adult Nutrition Survey dietary recall data. Associations between dietary patterns and the WHO guidelines (<5 and <10 % total energy intake) were determined using logistic regression analyses.Setting:New Zealand.Participants:NZ adults (n 4721) over 15 years old.Results:Eight dietary patterns were identified: ‘takeaway foods and alcohol’ was associated with meeting both WHO guidelines; ‘contemporary’ was associated with meeting the <10 % guideline (males only); ‘fast foods, sugar-sweetened beverages and dessert’, ‘traditional’ and ‘breakfast foods’ were negatively associated with meeting both guidelines; ‘sandwich’ and ‘snack foods’ were negatively associated with the <5 % guideline; and ‘saturated fats and sugar’ was negatively associated with the <10 % guideline.Conclusions:The majority of NZ dietary patterns were not consistent with WHO free sugars guidelines. It is possible to meet the WHO guidelines while consuming a healthier (‘contemporary’) or energy-dense, nutrient-poor (‘takeaway foods and alcohol’) diet. However, the majority of energy-dense patterns were not associated with meeting the guidelines. Future nutrition interventions would benefit from focusing on establishing healthier overall diets and reducing consumption and free sugars content of key foods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary patterns associated with meeting the WHO free sugars intake guidelines

Steele

Eyles

Morenga

et al. 2020

Public Health Nutr.

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“…Worldwide, there are very few food databases that contain information regarding AS or FS levels [8][9][10][11]. In most national studies, a large proportion of children exceeded the recommended guidelines for AS/FS consumption [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Consequently, some professional paediatric bodies have made practical recommendations for reducing AS/FS intake in children [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation and consumption pattern of free sugar intake in 3-year-old Irish preschool children

et al. 2019

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Purposes Dietary free sugars (FS) are the most important risk factor for dental caries and can contribute to excess energy intake. Measuring FS intake is limited by food composition databases and appropriate dietary assessment methods. The aim of this analysis was to estimate total sugar (TS) and FS intakes for Irish pre-schoolers and examine the proportion of dietary TS and FS captured using a short food questionnaire (SFQ). Methods This is a secondary analysis of 3-year-old children from two national surveys; Growing Up in Ireland (GUI), N = 9793 of whom 49% were girls and the National Preschool Nutrition Survey (NPNS), N = 126 and 52% were girls. GUI used SFQs and NPNS used semi-weighed food diaries to collect dietary data from 3-year-old children. Dietary intake databases were linked using an established approach. Mean daily TS and FS intakes and frequency were calculated, and consumption patterns from foods and meals are presented. The proportion of foods that were covered or non-covered by the GUI SFQ was calculated by comparison with the NPNS food diary. Results 75% of 3 year-olds had FS intake greater than the maximum recommended by WHO guidelines for free sugar intake, while 4% met the lower threshold. The median frequency of TS and FS consumption was 5.0 (4.0-6.0) and 4.0 (3.0-5.0) times/day. Less than one-quarter of TS intake (g/day) was non-covered by the GUI SFQ while less than one-third of FS intake was non-covered. Conclusions A large majority of 3-year-old Irish children do not meet the WHO recommended guidelines for FS intake and almost none meet the desired conditional recommendation. SFQs only capture two-thirds of FS intake at this early age.

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“…This issue of Public Health Nutrition includes research done on sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in a wide spectrum of countries including South Africa, China, Greece, France, Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Poland and Spain. This research suggests that the majority of children in these countries do not meet the recommended intake of healthy beverages (plain water and milk) ( 5 – 7 ) due to the fact that they are overconsuming sugar-sweetened and carbonated beverages ( 1 , 5 – 8 ) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%