Food stress sensitivity and flight performance across phosphoglucose isomerase enzyme genotypes in the sooty copper butterfly

Karl, Isabell; Hoffmann, Klaus H.; Fischer, Klaus

doi:10.1007/s10144-009-0191-z

Cited by 21 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Body mass was further substantially higher in females than in males, a pattern often explained by fecundity selection (Roff, 2002). While larval food stress had a similar impact on body mass in both sexes (see also Karl et al ., 2010), females increased their body mass more strongly compared with males when having access to food in the adult stage. This might be related to a higher need for nutrients to fuel egg production in females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Temperature extremes and butterfly fitness: conflicting evidence from life history and immune function

Karl

Stoks²,

Block³

et al. 2011

Global Change Biology

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139

118

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Global warming and its associated increase in temperature extremes pose a substantial challenge on natural systems. Tropical ectotherms, living close to their (upper) critical thermal limits, may be particularly vulnerable to global warming, yet they are as a group understudied. Most studies assessing fitness effects under global warming focused on life-history correlates such as body size and largely neglected immune function. Furthermore they did not consider to what extent temperature effects may be modulated under resource-based trade-offs. Against this background we here investigate effects of temperature extremes on fitness-related adult traits (viz. body mass, fat content, and two key parameters of arthropod immune function: phenoloxidase (PO) activity and haemocyte numbers) at different levels of larval and adult food stress in the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Body mass and PO activity decreased after short-term larval food stress, but not fat content and haemocyte numbers (probably owing to compensatory mechanisms during further development). Longer-term food deprivation in the adult stage, in contrast, diminished performance throughout, confirming that the feeding treatments chosen imposed stress. Temperature manipulations yielded contrary responses between life-history correlates and immune function: while body mass and fat content increased by increasing temperatures, PO activity and haemocyte numbers decreased. The latter was particularly pronounced under adult food stress, suggesting a resource-allocation trade-off. Our data suggest that global warming will not only reduce performance through direct effects of thermal stress, but also through secondary effects on adult immune function, which may be missed when exclusively focussing on other life-history correlates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Temperature extremes and butterfly fitness: conflicting evidence from life history and immune function

Karl

Stoks²,

Block³

et al. 2011

Global Change Biology

Self Cite

139

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast to cold stress resistance and life-history traits (see above), heat stress resistance was not affected by PGI genotype (Karl et al 2008b), suggesting that the mechanisms underlying increased cold and heat tolerance are at least partly uncoupled , Sørensen et al 2005. Additionally, there was no association between PGI genotype and flight performance at suboptimal temperatures in Lycaena tityrus (Karl et al 2010). Based on the differences in flight performance and PGI allele frequencies across altitudes in L. tityrus (see above, and Section 3.2.2.…”

Section: Genetic Make-up Of Thermal Adaptation In Lycaena Tityrusmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In Lycaena tityrus, PGI not only affects cold stress resistance, but additionally an array of life-history traits such as larval development time and pupal mass (Karl et al 2008b(Karl et al , 2010. Consequently, PGI can be considered a gene of large and pleiotropic effects (see also Orsini et al 2009, Klemme & Hanski 2009).…”

Section: Genetic Make-up Of Thermal Adaptation In Lycaena Tityrusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring plastic and genetic responses to temperature variation using copper butterflies

Fischer¹,

Karl²

2010

Clim. Res.

101

107

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Variable thermal environments experienced by most organisms warrant mechanisms to adjust the expression of phenotypic values to environmental needs. Here we explored short-(mainly developmental plasticity) and long-term effects (genetic differentiation across altitudes) of temperature variation using copper butterflies as model organisms. Lower compared to higher developmental temperatures yielded predictable variation by increasing development time, body size, total food consumption, the efficiency of converting digested food into body matter, and cold stress resistance, but decreasing daily food consumption, assimilation efficiency, body fat and protein content, weight loss at metamorphosis, the proportion of directly developing individuals, pupal melanisation and heat stress resistance. While variation in temperature stress resistance and developmental pathways is likely to reflect adaptive phenotypic plasticity, the reasons underlying variation in other traits are less clear. High-altitude populations showed increased development time, egg size, flight performance, wing and pupal melanisation and cold stress resistance, but decreased body fat content and heat stress resistance, compared to low-altitude populations. The differences seem to be mainly caused by thermal adaptation and seasonal time constraints. Cold stress resistance was related to variation at the phosphoglucose isomerase locus, and variation in heat stress resistance showed patterns similar to variation in the expression of stress-inducible heat shock proteins. High-altitude populations showed clearly reduced plasticity in heat stress tolerance, which may pose a substantial problem, given the rising temperatures at a global scale.

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“…Interestingly, only the females showed longer larval and pupal development times after larval food stress, suggesting that the above general patterns differ among the sexes. Thus, males seem to have a selective premium on fast development to ensure early emergence that is assumed to increase mating success (protandry selection; Wiklund & Fagerström, ; Fischer & Fiedler, ; Karl & Fischer, ), which likely explains the lack of response in development time found here (Karl et al ., ). Females, in contrast, did prolong development time, suggesting a premium on body size, which is often associated with increased fecundity (Bauerfeind & Fischer, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Nutritional stress reduces flight performance and exploratory behavior in a butterfly

et al. 2018

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Anthropogenic global change, including agricultural intensification and climate change, poses a substantial challenge to many herbivores due to a reduced availability of feeding resources. The concomitant food stress is expected to detrimentally affect performance, amongst others in dispersal-related traits. Thus, while dispersal is of utmost importance to escape from deteriorating habitat conditions, such conditions may negatively feedback on the ability to do so. Therefore, we here investigate the impact of larval and adult food stress on traits related to dispersal ability, including morphology, physiology, flight performance, and exploratory behavior, in a butterfly. We show that inadequate nutrition during development and in the adult stage diminishes flight performance, despite some re-allocation of somatic resources. Detrimental effects of food stress on flight performance were mainly caused by reductions in body mass and storage reserves. Similar results were found for exploratory behavior. Furthermore, exploratory behavior was found to be (moderately) repeatable at the individual level, which might indicate the existence of a personality trait. This notion is further supported by the fact that flight performance and exploratory behavior were positively correlated, potentially suggesting the existence of a dispersal syndrome. In summary, our findings may have important implications for dispersal in natural environments, as the conditions requiring dispersal the most impair flight ability and thereby likely dispersal rates.

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Food stress sensitivity and flight performance across phosphoglucose isomerase enzyme genotypes in the sooty copper butterfly

Cited by 21 publications

References 58 publications

Temperature extremes and butterfly fitness: conflicting evidence from life history and immune function

Temperature extremes and butterfly fitness: conflicting evidence from life history and immune function

Exploring plastic and genetic responses to temperature variation using copper butterflies

Nutritional stress reduces flight performance and exploratory behavior in a butterfly

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