Food Swamps Surrounding Schools in Three Areas of Guatemala

Chew, Aiken; Moran, Alyssa J.; Barnoya, Joaquín

doi:10.5888/pcd17.200029

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Most studies ( n = 39) identified a significant number of establishments selling unhealthy foods around schools. It can be characterized as food swamps, neighborhoods with many unhealthy food establishments, where robust strategies marketers constantly direct and promote this type of food [ 56 , 57 , 65 , 67 ]. As school is the environment where children and adolescents spend most of their day (while they are awake).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The association between the food environment around schools and health-related outcomes was examined by 20 studies [ 2 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 24 , 26 , 40 , 46 , 47 , 49 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 63 , 64 , 65 ], which evaluated the following indicators in children and adolescents: overweight/obesity ( n = 12), body mass index (BMI) ( n = 9), score BMI ( n = 5), BMI percentile ( n = 7), body fat percentage ( n = 6), and fat mass index ( n = 1). Of these, three studies found that schools with the highest number of cafeterias, fast-food restaurants, and food advertisements in the territory had a higher proportion of obese children [ 2 , 12 , 13 , 46 ], and the others did not find significant differences.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Food Environment around Schools: A Systematic Scope Review

et al. 2022

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The present systematic scope review intended to compile state-of-the-art information about the food environment around schools, exploring the main methods used to describe the food environment around schools as well as the possible effects that this environment can promote on the health of children and adolescents. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses—extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist and guidelines were followed to ensure a robust and repeatable methodological process. A systematic search was performed in the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Science Direct, Web of Science, LILACS, and Scopus, as well as in related articles, a manual search of reference lists and gray literature. Forty-six studies were selected. There was no standardization regarding distances from food establishments to schools, methods of analysis, and software used. The food environment around the schools was characterized by the wide availability of food establishments, especially fast food, convenience stores, supermarkets, and grocery stores known for offering a wide variety of unhealthy foods. Regarding the correlations with the health of children and adolescents, the evidence points to possible interferences of the food environment known as obesogenic, but it cannot be related only to the school environment since most of the acquisition and consumption of food usually happens around family homes. Conducting standardized and comprehensive studies evaluating food choices in the school environment and their interrelationships is very important to ensure children’s food and nutrition security and minimize negative health outcomes in the medium and long term.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Environment around Schools: A Systematic Scope Review

et al. 2022

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“…These foods are commonly consumed among Guatemala girls. 26,27 Each food item was assigned a score of 0 to 5 depending on frequency of food intake (0 being never/rarely and 5 being 2 or more times per day) so that the JFIM ranged from 0 to 25 (0 being no junk food consumed). Some diet indicators were collected using GSHS 2015 questionnaire such as household food insecurity, frequency of having breakfast, and consumption of fast foods.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Determinants of Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study of Sociodemographic, Dietary, and Lifestyle Factors Among Adolescent Girls in Jutiapa, Guatemala

et al. 2021

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Background: As the incidence of overweight continues to increase among children and adolescents in Guatemala, underweight remains a prominent health problem. However, the prevalence of overweight or underweight and associated risk factors has not been investigated among adolescent girls. Objective: To determine the prevalence of underweight and overweight/obesity and associated sociodemographic, dietary, and lifestyle factors among adolescent girls in Jutiapa, Guatemala. Methods: A cross-sectional study of a subsample of 392 girls aged 12 to 17 years from an agriculture-nutrition trial was conducted. Anthropometric data were obtained using standard methods. Sociodemographic, dietary, and lifestyle data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted using underweight (body mass index [BMI] for age <5th percentile) and overweight/obesity (BMI for age ≥85th percentile) as outcome variables. Results: The prevalence of underweight and overweight/obesity was 9.9% and 15.6%, respectively. Age (15-17 years), high waist circumference, high blood pressure, father being a farmer, large family (>5 persons), hours spent watching TV, and high red meat consumption were significantly associated with underweight. Whereas being in school, high waist circumference, high blood pressure, overweight/obese mother, unemployed father, watching TV for more than 2 hours, having soft drinks at home, and meeting fruit recommendations were significantly associated with overweight/obesity. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of concurrently addressing underweight and overweight/obesity among adolescent girls in rural Guatemala. Studies in various parts of the country are needed to confirm the results of the present study and for appropriate strategies to be implemented to reduce both underweight and overweight.

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“…Food swamps, as opposed to food deserts, have mostly been reported in the Global North as a result of the proliferation of fast foods in low-income communities. The article by Chew et al ( 37 ) is one of the few that have reported on food swamps in the Global South as evidence of the high concentration of fast food outlets in low-income locations around schools. The article demonstrates how food swamps are a global health problem and pose a particular threat of adopting unhealthy food practices in communities.…”

Section: Objective and Themes Of The Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Perspectives on Improving Chronic Disease Prevention and Management in Diverse Settings

et al. 2021

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The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) define chronic diseases as conditions that last 1 year or more and that require ongoing medical attention or limit activities of daily living, or both ( 1 ). Chronic diseases may be influenced by a combination of genetics, lifestyle and social behaviors, health care system factors, community influences, and environmental determinants of health ( 2 ). These risk factors often coexist and interact with each other. Therefore, a better understanding of determinants of chronic diseases such as tobacco use, unhealthy eating, and physical inactivity stands to benefit from effective strategies for improving primary, secondary, and tertiary disease prevention and management in diverse global settings ( 3 ). Strategies to prevent and manage chronic disease outcomes such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have global commonalities ( 4 – 7 ). The impact of chronic diseases is disproportionately evident in Black and Brown communities ( 8 , 9 ). Chronic disease prevention and management typically focus on behavioral interventions such as healthy eating, increased physical activity, and cessation of unhealthy practices such as tobacco and alcohol use ( 10 – 15 ). In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic added to the fact that chronic diseases disproportionately affect low-resource communities, where many Black and Brown populations live ( 16 , 17 ). COVID-19 demonstrated that chronic disease disparities actually present as preexisting conditions in Black and Brown communities, who are disproportionately affected by COVID-19 outcomes. Although most of the articles in this Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD) collection were published before the pandemic, the insights they present, combined with the racial and ethnic data on the burden of COVID-19 thus far, support this reality. Many researchers and public health practitioners often consider the need to sufficiently address the relationships between chronic diseases and social, behavioral, and community factors ( 18 ). Global lessons in the prevention and management of chronic diseases, therefore, can help researchers and practitioners benefit from the shared lessons and experience derived from research and interventions conducted in different parts of the world. There are more than 7 billion people worldwide, who speak diverse languages and who have different nationalities, identities, and health systems. Yet, if we share challenges and opportunities for chronic disease prevention and management, many of the global adversities to improving health and well-being can be ameliorated, which is the purpose of this collection. The authors in this collection share lessons that represent experiences in diverse contexts across countries a...

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Food Swamps Surrounding Schools in Three Areas of Guatemala

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

Food Environment around Schools: A Systematic Scope Review

Food Environment around Schools: A Systematic Scope Review

Prevalence and Determinants of Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study of Sociodemographic, Dietary, and Lifestyle Factors Among Adolescent Girls in Jutiapa, Guatemala

Global Perspectives on Improving Chronic Disease Prevention and Management in Diverse Settings

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