Food versus Fuel: Toward a New Paradigm—The Need for a Holistic Approach

Rosillo-Calle, Frank

doi:10.5402/2012/954180

Cited by 35 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…But unfortunately, first-generation bio-ethanol feedstock is also used for food and feed purposes, which means that its usage would compete with food and feed industries for feedstock, fertile agricultural land, and fresh water [160,178,203]. Therefore, the first-generation biofuel becomes controversial due to food vs fuel debate, ethical, and environmental reasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Microbial conversion of pyrolytic products to biofuels: a novel and sustainable approach toward second-generation biofuels

Islam

Hassan

et al. 2015

Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology

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This review highlights the potential of the pyrolysis-based biofuels production, bio-ethanol in particular, and lipid in general as an alternative and sustainable solution for the rising environmental concerns and rapidly depleting natural fuel resources. Levoglucosan (1,6-anhydrous-β-D-glucopyranose) is the major anhydrosugar compound resulting from the degradation of cellulose during the fast pyrolysis process of biomass and thus the most attractive fermentation substrate in the bio-oil. The challenges for pyrolysis-based biorefineries are the inefficient detoxification strategies, and the lack of naturally available efficient and suitable fermentation organisms that could ferment the levoglucosan directly into bio-ethanol. In case of indirect fermentation, acid hydrolysis is used to convert levoglucosan into glucose and subsequently to ethanol and lipids via fermentation biocatalysts, however the presence of fermentation inhibitors poses a big hurdle to successful fermentation relative to pure glucose. Among the detoxification strategies studied so far, over-liming, extraction with solvents like (n-butanol, ethyl acetate), and activated carbon seem very promising, but still further research is required for the optimization of existing detoxification strategies as well as developing new ones. In order to make the pyrolysis-based biofuel production a more efficient as well as cost-effective process, direct fermentation of pyrolysis oil-associated fermentable sugars, especially levoglucosan is highlly desirable. This can be achieved either by expanding the search to identify naturally available direct levoglusoan utilizers or modify the existing fermentation biocatalysts (yeasts and bacteria) with direct levoglucosan pathway coupled with tolerance engineering could significantly improve the overall performance of these microorganisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Microbial conversion of pyrolytic products to biofuels: a novel and sustainable approach toward second-generation biofuels

Islam

Hassan

et al. 2015

Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology

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“…However, the sustainability of this technique has been questioned as it makes use of materials otherwise used for food [1,2]. Considerable effort has thus been devoted to the development of technologies for biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SSF of steam-pretreated wheat straw with the addition of saccharified or fermented wheat meal in integrated bioethanol production

Erdei

Hancz

Galbe

et al. 2013

Biotechnol Biofuels

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BackgroundIntegration of second-generation (2G) bioethanol production with existing first-generation (1G) production may facilitate commercial production of ethanol from cellulosic material. Since 2G hydrolysates have a low sugar concentration and 1G streams often have to be diluted prior to fermentation, mixing of streams is beneficial. Improved ethanol concentrations in the 2G production process lowers energy demand in distillation, improves overall energy efficiency and thus lower production cost. There is also a potential to reach higher ethanol yields, which is required in economically feasible ethanol production. Integrated process scenarios with addition of saccharified wheat meal (SWM) or fermented wheat meal (FWM) were investigated in simultaneous saccharification and (co-)fermentation (SSF or SSCF) of steam-pretreated wheat straw, while the possibility of recovering the valuable protein-rich fibre residue from the wheat was also studied.ResultsThe addition of SWM to SSF of steam-pretreated wheat straw, using commercially used dried baker’s yeast, S. cerevisiae, resulted in ethanol concentrations of about 60 g/L, equivalent to ethanol yields of about 90% of the theoretical. The addition of FWM in batch mode SSF was toxic to baker’s yeast, due to the ethanol content of FWM, resulting in a very low yield and high accumulation of glucose. The addition of FWM in fed-batch mode still caused a slight accumulation of glucose, but the ethanol concentration was fairly high, 51.2 g/L, corresponding to an ethanol yield of 90%, based on the amount of glucose added.In batch mode of SSCF using the xylose-fermenting, genetically modified S. cerevisiae strain KE6-12, no improvement was observed in ethanol yield or concentration, compared with baker’s yeast, despite the increased xylose utilization, probably due to the considerable increase in glycerol production. A slight increase in xylose consumption was seen when glucose from SWM was fed at a low feed rate, after 48 hours, compared with batch SSCF. However, the ethanol yield and concentration remained in the same range as in batch mode.ConclusionEthanol concentrations of about 6% (w/v) were obtained, which will result in a significant reduction in the cost of downstream processing, compared with SSF of the lignocellulosic substrate alone. As an additional benefit, it is also possible to recover the protein-rich residue from the SWM in the process configurations presented, providing a valuable co-product.

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“…Agriculture is both part of the problem and part of the solution [152]. We must move away from inefficient farm practices and embrace technology to boost food production and feedstock.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Rosillo-Calle and Johnson [151], the land area required and the category of land to be used is at the heart of the debate. Current and future global estimates for land use of biofuels range from 40-800 million hectares [152]. The agricultural land for Africa in 2009 comprised pasture (30.6%), arable land (7.6%) and land for permanent crop (1%), for a total of 39.2% higher than world levels [153].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential of cassava biomass and applicable technologies for sustainable biogas production in South Africa: A review

Okudoh

Trois

Workneh

et al. 2014

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

119

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Food versus Fuel: Toward a New Paradigm—The Need for a Holistic Approach

Cited by 35 publications

References 27 publications

Microbial conversion of pyrolytic products to biofuels: a novel and sustainable approach toward second-generation biofuels

Microbial conversion of pyrolytic products to biofuels: a novel and sustainable approach toward second-generation biofuels

SSF of steam-pretreated wheat straw with the addition of saccharified or fermented wheat meal in integrated bioethanol production

The potential of cassava biomass and applicable technologies for sustainable biogas production in South Africa: A review

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