Food vs money? Effects of hunger on mood and behavioral reactivity to reward in anorexia nervosa

Piccolo, Mayron; Milos, Gabriella; Bluemel, Sena; Schumacher, Sonja; Müller-Pfeiffer, Christoph; Fried, Michael; Ernst, Monique; Martin‐Soelch, Chantal

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2018.12.017

Cited by 11 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Reaction time (RT) served as a measure of sensitivity to uncertainty, with longer RT signaling greater sensitivity to uncertainty (i.e., IU). Findings revealed longer RTs to choices with “uncertain” outcomes in patients with AN compared to healthy controls (Piccolo et al, 2019). The present behavioral study tests whether AN-related behavioral IU, defined as delayed decision-making under uncertainty, resolved after weight-rehabilitation treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In that sense, intolerance of uncertainty (IU) has become an important theme in eating disorders and other types of mental disorders (Brown et al, 2017). In the framework of our study, IU was previously operationalized in the context of decision making as the inclination for “certain” vs. “uncertain” outcome (Piccolo et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Decision-making under uncertainty and IU have been studied both using self-report and behavioral measures (Jacoby et al, 2014; Kesby et al, 2017; Piccolo et al, 2019). In terms of self-report, IU has been mostly measured by using self-reported data collected by the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS), in its short (Carleton et al, 2007) and longer (Freeston et al, 1994) versions, which identified two main IU factors have been described: (1) a desire for predictability, also known as prospective IU, and (2) a sort of paralysis in the face of uncertainty, also known as inhibitory IU (Berenbaum et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While mostly measured with self-report questionnaires, responses to uncertainty have recently been examined by using experimental tasks (Sternheim et al, 2011b; Jacoby et al, 2014; Piccolo et al, 2019). In AN, results are mixed, with one study showing difference in behavioral responses (Piccolo et al, 2019), and the other not (Sternheim et al, 2011b). The difference might be due to the nature of the tasks used, with one being a data-gathering task (Sternheim et al, 2011b), which might mostly relate to the prospective factor of IU, and the other, a decision-making task (Piccolo et al, 2019), mostly related to inhibitory IU.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioral Responses to Uncertainty in Weight-Restored Anorexia Nervosa – Preliminary Results

et al. 2019

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Impaired decision-making under conditions of uncertainty seems to contribute to the expression and maintenance of anorexia nervosa (AN), but it is not clear whether this impairment is a disease state that would remit with treatment, or a persisting trait in patients with AN. To examine this question, a longitudinal study was conducted in 12 female inpatients with AN (age M = 22.2, SE = 1.36), before (Time-1) and after reaching a body mass index of >17.5 kg/m2 (Time-2). Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) was assessed via a decision-making task, the wheel of fortune (WOF). Weight gain at Time-2 was accompanied with significant changes in uncertainty-related performance compared to Time-1 [(Time × Uncertainty), p < 0.05]. At Time-1, reaction times (RTs) varied in function of uncertainty, while at Time-2, uncertainty did not modulate RTs. These findings support a change in decision-making under uncertainty with successful weight-rehabilitation in AN. While IU was present in underweight patients, it became non-significant after weight restoration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioral Responses to Uncertainty in Weight-Restored Anorexia Nervosa – Preliminary Results

et al. 2019

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Altered circulating endocannabinoids in anorexia nervosa during acute and weight‐restored phases: A pilot study

Piccolo

Claussen

Bluemel

et al. 2019

Euro Eating Disorders Rev

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Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder characterized by a low food intake and often exceeding exercise, leading to a particularly low body × weight proportion. Patients with AN usually report less hunger than healthy controls. Endogenous endocannabinoids (eCBs), specifically the anandamide, have been associated to hunger, as a meal initiator, but research regarding AN and eCB and inconclusive. In this pilot study, we investigated plasma levels of eCB in inpatients with AN during fasting and after eating, both during the acute AN phase and after weight recovery. After an 8-hr fasting period, blood sample was collected from all participants. After that, participants were given a muffin test meal. Blood samples for the investigation of endogenous eCBs anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamide [AEA]) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) were then collected after 120 and 240 min. Participants were only allowed to eat and drink what was offered them during the research. AN reported less hunger than controls during fasting and at the end of the experiment. Also, plasma levels of AEA were significantly smaller in AN in comparison with controls in all time points. No significant difference was found for 2-AG plasma levels. After recovery, no significant difference was found for eCB levels. These findings could be interpreted as an AEA deregulation in AN before and after food intake, which persists after weight recovery. These findings may have implications to the pharmacological treatment of AN and to relapse occurring in the disorder.

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Estimation of meal portions in bulimia nervosa compared to anorexia nervosa and healthy controls

et al. 2022

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Purpose Bulimia nervosa (BN) and anorexia nervosa (AN) are potentially life-threatening eating disorders (ED) that primarily affect young people, mostly women. The central common pathology is linked to the relationship with food and with abnormalities in food intake. A previous study indicated that individuals with AN tend to overestimate food portion sizes compared to healthy controls (HC), but no study has investigated these patterns in BN, which was the objective of this study. Methods Women with BN (27), AN (28), and HC (27) were asked to rate different meal portion sizes in two conditions: as if they were supposed to eat them (intent-to-eat condition) or in general (general condition). BN results were compared to HC and AN using mixed model analyses. Results BN showed larger estimations compared to HC, while smaller estimations compared to AN. These differences were found mostly for intermediate portion sizes. No difference for conditions (intent-to-eat; general) was found between groups. Conclusion When estimating food portion sizes, individuals with BN seem to fall intermediately between HC and AN. ED symptoms in BN were most strongly associated with higher portion estimation. This might therefore reflect one aspect of the cognitive distortions typically seen also in AN. A therapeutic option could include the frequent visual exposure to increasing portions of food, what may serve to recalibrate visual perceptions of what a “normal-sized” portion of food looks like. Level of evidence Level II: Evidence obtained from well-designed controlled trials without randomization.

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Food vs money? Effects of hunger on mood and behavioral reactivity to reward in anorexia nervosa

Abstract: This chapter was previously published as an original research article on Appetite (Piccolo et al., 2019).

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

Behavioral Responses to Uncertainty in Weight-Restored Anorexia Nervosa – Preliminary Results

Behavioral Responses to Uncertainty in Weight-Restored Anorexia Nervosa – Preliminary Results

Altered circulating endocannabinoids in anorexia nervosa during acute and weight‐restored phases: A pilot study

Estimation of meal portions in bulimia nervosa compared to anorexia nervosa and healthy controls

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