Food waste to bioenergy: current status and role in future circular economies in Indonesia

Abstract

Like many countries, Indonesia generates large quantities of food waste. Food waste is poorly managed due to inadequate treatment practices, which has a harmful impact on the environment. This paper demonstrates the high potential for food waste valorization in Indonesia and outlines the optimal valorization pathways to inform future decision-making surrounding the management of this waste. This paper also compares various conversion technologies for transforming food waste into liquid, solid, and gaseous biofuels. The challenges and opportunities for wider implementation are also considered, including the integration of supply chains and the logistics of food waste management, the technological feasibility, and the persistent behaviors surrounding food waste and energy in Indonesia. The economic and environmental benefits, the perspectives of improved food waste management practices and sustainable fuels, as well as the policy landscape surrounding waste and sustainable energy are also explored. The challenges of scalability and commercialization are also highlighted in this paper. This review demonstrates the best pathways from food waste valorization to bioenergy, including biogas or biodiesel integrated with a black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) composting system. Despite the scale of resources in Indonesia, the pathways and technologies for processing food waste are lacking. Further in-depth studies are required to demonstrate the sustainability and feasibility of food waste transformation into bioenergy to realize its high value.

High Added-Value by-Products from Biomass: A Case Study Unveiling Opportunities for Strengthening the Agroindustry Value Chain

“…Moreover, landfills are economically infeasible due to the high costs associated with land and equipment, coupled with their requirement for extensive land areas, resulting in adverse environmental impacts. Despite governmental initiatives aimed at managing domestic solid waste, including food waste, through reduction, reuse, and recycling, challenges persist, such as insufficient financial support, poorly managed or inadequate facilities, and a lack of municipal backing [123].…”

Food Waste Utilization for Reducing Carbon Footprints towards Sustainable and Cleaner Environment: A Review

“…All of these worries sparked a surge in study into using residues and wastes at minimal cost as raw materials. Utilizing organic wastes, especially home food wastes, as a separate and substitute resource of raw materials for the generation of biofuels is possible (HFW) [95].…”

Opportunities for Food waste Behavior at the Household Level in the Special Region of Yogyakarta

“…Indonesia merupakan negara penghasil food waste terbesar kedua di dunia dan diperkirakan menghasilkan 300 kg limbah sampah makanan perkapita per tahun (Farahbida et al 2023). Penelitian sebelumnya telah menyebutkan Sebagian besar limbah padat perkotaan (municipial solid waste; MSW) berasal limbah makanaan (Suhartini et al 2022). Food waste lebih banyak dihasilkan di kota-kota besar seperti DKI Jakarta dan Jawa Timur.…”