Foodborne disease and food control in the Gulf States

Todd, Ewen C. D.

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.08.024

Cited by 41 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The authors believe that such results can be related to health certificates that are valid for more than six months, a lack of basic safety requirements and healthy food, and inadequate personal hygiene. Todd (2017) emphasized the importance of asymptomatic carriers as a potential source of foodborne infection. The study exemplified reports of cross-contamination between handlers and food, causing outbreaks of salmonellosis in the Gulf States.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verification of good practices in food establishments in Petrolina, semi-arid region of Pernambuco, Brazil

Júnior¹,

Souza²,

Freire³

et al. 2017

Biosci. J.

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ABSTRACT:This study was conducted jointly with the Municipal Sanitary Surveillance Agency of Petrolina, in the period of August-October 2013, to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary conditions of food producing and commercializing establishments in the municipality of Petrolina. A total of 300 food manufacturer/trader establishments were evaluated based on a Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) checklist. The evaluation was based on 25 items. The data were computed as 0 for nonconformity and 1 for conformity to the GMP checklist. Data from all districts were analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Items such as presence of lamp protectors, clean windows and screens, presence of SOP and training programs for handlers, use of aprons, caps, gloves and disposable towels, and performing periodic examinations of the establishments were evaluated. Fourteen evaluation items showed significant differences (P<0.05) for frequency of conforming and 9 for nonconforming. The PCA identified five city districts (Centro Norte, Areia Branca, Santa Luzia, Rio Corrente and São Gonçalo) in the municipality that used GMP in their establishments. These results highlight the need to redouble efforts in establishments to ensure the safety of products offered.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verification of good practices in food establishments in Petrolina, semi-arid region of Pernambuco, Brazil

Júnior¹,

Souza²,

Freire³

et al. 2017

Biosci. J.

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“…A rare exception to this would be the handling and consumption of products from animals which have contracted the virus. The widespread risk of this, however, is likely to be extremely low based on evidence from previous SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV outbreaks(M. (Todd, 2017) (Rahman and Sarkar, 2019).…”

Section: Multiplication Of Sars-cov-2 In the Gutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal Shedding of SARS-CoV-2 and Its Potential Role in Person-To-Person Transmission and the Environment-Based Spread of COVID-19

Jones¹,

Quintela-Baluja²,

Graham³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The recent detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces has led to speculation that it can be transmitted via the fecal-oral/ocular route. This review aims to critically evaluate the incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, the quantity and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in feces and urine, and whether these pose an infection risk in sanitary settings, sewage networks, wastewater treatment plants, and the wider environment (e.g. rivers, lakes and marine waters). Overall, severe GI dysfunction is only evident in a small number of COVID-19 cases, with 11 ± 2% exhibiting diarrhea and 12 ± 3% exhibiting vomiting and nausea. In addition to these cases, SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected in feces from some asymptomatic, mildly- and pre-symptomatic individuals. Fecal shedding of the virus peaks in the symptomatic period and can persist for several weeks, but with declining abundances in the post-symptomatic phase. SARS-CoV-2 RNA is occasionally detected in urine, but reports in fecal samples are more frequent. The abundance of the virus genetic material in both urine (ca. 102-105 gc/ml) and feces (ca. 102-107 gc/ml) is much lower than in nasopharyngeal fluids (ca. 105-1011 gc/ml). There is strong evidence of multiplication of SARS-CoV-2 in the GI tract and infectious virus has occasionally been recovered from both urine and stool samples. The level and infectious capability of SARS-CoV-2 in vomit remain unknown. In comparison to enteric viruses transmitted via the fecal-oral route (e.g. norovirus, adenovirus), the likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 being transmitted via feces or urine appears lower due to the lower relative amounts of virus present in feces/urine. The biggest risk of transmission will occur in clinical and care home settings where secondary handling of people and urine/fecal matter occurs. In addition, while SARS-CoV-2 RNA genetic material can be detected by in wastewater, this signal is greatly reduced by conventional treatment. Our analysis also suggests the likelihood of infection due to contact with sewage-contaminated water (e.g. swimming, surfing, angling) or food (e.g. salads, shellfish) is extremely low or negligible based on very low predicted abundances and limited environmental survival of SARS-CoV-2. These conclusions are corroborated by the fact that over eight million global cases of COVID-19 have occurred, but exposure to feces or wastewater has never been implicated as a transmission vector.

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“…Despite the engagement of several MENA countries to consider a profound reform of their food safety systems, the situation is still far from being adequate since the time of the published report of FAO/WHO [44]. There are cases where laws and regulations are available, yet they are not enforced [8] and where violations and food outbreaks are handled with a punitive approach often overlooking investigation of the root causes which constitutes the basis for establishing national policies to reduce the likelihood of recurrence [45]. Food controls in the MENA countries are generally operating through a multi-agency approach, although few countries are outliers to this fact.…”

Section: Food Control Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To prevent foodborne illnesses, the Dubai municipality's food safety department made a significant improvement to the strategic control plans by building a comprehensive database and statistics on foodborne illnesses that will help to develop food legislation in collaboration with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [45]. With a specialized team that includes trained experts from the CDC and WHO, 57 hospitals and clinics were trained on the procedures of monitoring and investigating disease transmission [73].…”

Section: Surveillance Food Monitoring and Epidemiological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention and Control of Foodborne Diseases in Middle-East North African Countries: Review of National Control Systems

Faour-Klingbeil

Todd²

2019

IJERPH

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Foodborne diseases continue to be a global public health problem with an estimated 600 million people falling ill annually. In return, international standards are becoming stricter which poses challenges to food trade. In light of the increasing burden of foodborne diseases, many countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region have upgraded their food laws and undertaken changes to the organizational structure of their regulatory institutions to maintain or expand international export activities, tighten control on local and imported products, and protect consumers’ health. However, until this date, the published information on the regional health burdens of foodborne diseases is very limited and it is not clear whether the recent changes will serve towards science-based and effective preventive functions and the adoption of the risk management approach. In this review, we summarize the recent food safety issues and the national food control systems of selected countries in the region although we were challenged with the scarcity of information. To this end, we examined the national food safety systems in the context of the five essential elements of the FAO/WHO Guidelines for Strengthening National Food Control Systems. These five elements—food law and regulations; food control management; inspection services; laboratory services; food monitoring; and epidemiological data, information, education, communication, and training—constitute the building blocks of a national food control system, but could also serve as tools to assess the effectiveness of the systems.

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Foodborne disease and food control in the Gulf States

Cited by 41 publications

References 57 publications

Verification of good practices in food establishments in Petrolina, semi-arid region of Pernambuco, Brazil

Verification of good practices in food establishments in Petrolina, semi-arid region of Pernambuco, Brazil

Fecal Shedding of SARS-CoV-2 and Its Potential Role in Person-To-Person Transmission and the Environment-Based Spread of COVID-19

Prevention and Control of Foodborne Diseases in Middle-East North African Countries: Review of National Control Systems

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