Foot and Ankle Sonography

Fessell, David; Holsbeeck, Marnix

doi:10.1016/s0033-8389(05)70131-7

Cited by 52 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…Doppler imaging can aid in localization of the nerve by demonstrating the adjacent intermetatarsal artery and vein (33). Morton neuromas most frequently occur within the second or third interspace and are located at the level of or slightly proximal to the metatarsal heads.…”

Section: Intermetatarsal Spacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

US of Nerve Entrapments in Osteofibrous Tunnels of the Upper and Lower Limbs

et al. 2000

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The diagnosis of nerve entrapment at osteofibrous tunnels relies primarily on clinical and electrodiagnostic findings. Recently, the refinement of high-frequency broadband transducers with a range of 5-15 MHz, sophisticated focusing in the near field, and sensitive color and power Doppler technology have improved the ability to evaluate peripheral nerve entrapment in osteofibrous tunnels with ultrasonography (US). In the upper limb, osteofibrous tunnels amenable to US examination include the carpal tunnel for the median nerve and the cubital and Guyon tunnels for the ulnar nerve. In the lower limb, these tunnels include the fibular neck for the common peroneal nerve, the tarsal tunnel for the posterior tibial nerve, and the intermetatarsal spaces for the interdigital nerves. High-resolution US allows direct imaging of the involved nerves, as well as documentation of changes in nerve shape and echotexture that occur in compressive syndromes. A spectrum of extrinsic causes of entrapment, such as tenosynovitis, ganglia, soft-tissue tumors, bone and joint abnormalities, and anomalous muscles, can also be diagnosed with US. With continued experience, it is likely that this technique will be increasingly used to evaluate nerve entrapment syndromes.

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Section: Intermetatarsal Spacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

US of Nerve Entrapments in Osteofibrous Tunnels of the Upper and Lower Limbs

et al. 2000

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] The nodule(s) may be isoechoic or hypoechoic and relatively avascular, with minimal or absent color flow within it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sonographic Evaluation of Fibromatosis (Aggressive Type) Using Color Doppler Interrogation

Taggart

Kavic

2003

Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography

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Fibromatosis refers to formation of a fibrous or tumor-like nodule or nodular swelling arising from fascia or connective tissue. The behavior of fibromatosis ranges from a self-limiting benign condition to the aggressive or recurrent type. No articles at this time have reported cases of aggressive fibromatosis emphasizing the use of color Doppler sonography for preoperative planning. The authors report two cases of aggressive fibromatosis interrogated with color Doppler imaging and magnetic resonance imaging that correlate with surgical findings.

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“…MRI is an excellent method for imaging ganglia about the foot and ankle (16,17); the ganglion itself, as well as its relationship to joints, tendons, and neurovascular structures, may be reliably assessed (2,7). To our knowledge, there are no data regarding the prevalence of ganglia in the foot and ankle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRI of the foot and ankle: Prevalence and distribution of occult and palpable ganglia

Weishaupt

Schweitzer

Morrison

et al. 2001

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and anatomic distribution of occult and palpable ganglia of the foot and ankle as seen by MRI. Within a 7-year period MRI of the ankle was performed on 2813 patients, and MRI of the foot on 2277 patients using a 1.5T magnet. In all, 167 ganglia in 155 patients were detected. MR images of these patients were reviewed retrospectively by two observers with regard to prevalence, imaging characteristics, and exact anatomic location of ganglia. Clinical findings and (when available) surgical reports were also reviewed. One hundred fifty-seven ganglia in 145 patients were present on MR images of the ankle, and 10 ganglia in 10 patients on MR images of the foot, resulting in a prevalence of 5.6% ( Index terms: magnetic resonance imaging; foot; ankle; ganglia; benign soft-tissue tumors A GANGLION IS A MYXOID CYSTIC LESION arising in association with periarticular and articular structures, tendon sheaths, and, less frequently, with muscle or periosteum (1). MRI has been shown to be useful in identifying ganglia (2-5).The majority of patients with ganglia of the foot and ankle present either with a palpable mass as the only symptom (6), or with the lesion as an incidental finding on MR images. However, a small subset of ganglia of the foot and ankle may cause symptoms such as discomfort or pain, and entrapment neuropathies (6,7).After the hand and wrist, the foot and ankle are considered the second most common location of ganglia (6). Although ganglia of the foot and ankle are reported to be common, little attention has been focused on the prevalence and anatomic distribution of these lesions (6 -8).Consequently, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of both occult and palpable ganglia of the foot and ankle. PATIENTS AND METHODS PopulationBetween February 1992 and October 1999, 2813 patients underwent MRI of the ankle, and 2277 patients underwent MRI of the forefoot at our institution. All patients were referred for evaluation of foot or ankle pain or evaluation of a soft-tissue mass. The patients were mainly referred by orthopedic foot surgeons and sports medicine physicians. The radiological reports of all these patients were reviewed for the presence of ganglia. A total of 167 ganglia in 159 feet of 155 patients (87 women and 68 men, mean age: 44.5 years; range: 9 -71 years) were described in the reports of these studies. The MRIs of all these patients were retrospectively reviewed. MRIAll MRIs were performed with a 1.5 T MR scanner (Signa EchoSpeed or Signa Horizon LX; GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI). An extremity coil was used for imaging all patients (field of view: 12-20 cm). MRI protocol of the ankle included T1-weighted spin-echo (SE) and fast SE (FSE) short inversion time inversion-recovery (STIR) sequences in the sagittal plane, T1-weighted SE and T2-

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Foot and Ankle Sonography

Cited by 52 publications

References 115 publications

US of Nerve Entrapments in Osteofibrous Tunnels of the Upper and Lower Limbs

US of Nerve Entrapments in Osteofibrous Tunnels of the Upper and Lower Limbs

Sonographic Evaluation of Fibromatosis (Aggressive Type) Using Color Doppler Interrogation

MRI of the foot and ankle: Prevalence and distribution of occult and palpable ganglia

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