Foot and mouth disease and similar virus infections in camelids: a review

Wernery, Ulrich; Kinne, Jörg

doi:10.20506/rst.31.3.2160

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Camels are economically important animals, especially in African, Arabian and Asian countries, where they are used for meat and milk production as well as beasts of burden and racing animals . Beside their obvious economic importance, camels are also suitable models for the life sciences, mostly in the context of their adaptations to the harsh environments, and infectious diseases such as the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…30,31 Beside their obvious economic importance, camels are also suitable models for the life sciences, mostly in the context of their adaptations to the harsh environments, and infectious diseases such as the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV). [32][33][34] Only scarce information is currently available on the MHC region in camelids. It has been physically mapped to chromosome 20 in the dromedary 35 and several MHC-linked microsatellite loci were reported by Antczak.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The major histocompatibility complex of Old World camelids: Class I and class I‐related genes

Plášil

Wijkmark

Elbers³

et al. 2019

HLA

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The genomic structure of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) region and variation in selected MHC class I related genes in Old World camels, Camelus bactrianus and Camelus dromedaries were studied. The overall genomic organization of the camel MHC region follows a general pattern observed in other mammalian species and individual MHC loci appear to be well conserved. Selected MHC class I genes B‐67 and BL3‐7 exhibited unexpectedly low variability, even when compared to other camel MHC class I related genes MR1 and MICA. Interspecific SNP and allele sharing are relatively common, and frequencies of heterozygotes are usually low. Such a low variation in a genomic region generally considered as one of the most polymorphic in vertebrate genomes is unusual. Evolutionary relationships between MHC class I related genes and their counterparts from other species seem to be rather complex. Often, they do not follow the general evolutionary history of the species concerned. Close evolutionary relationships of individual MHC class I loci between camels, humans and dogs were observed. Based on the results of this study and on our data on MHC class II genes, the extent and the pattern of polymorphism of the MHC region of Old World camelids differed from most mammalian groups studied so far. Camels thus seem to be an important model for our understanding of the role of genetic diversity in immune functions, especially in the context of unique features of their immunoglobulin and T‐cell receptor genes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The major histocompatibility complex of Old World camelids: Class I and class I‐related genes

Plášil

Wijkmark

Elbers³

et al. 2019

HLA

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“…Camels, unlike other domestic large animals, often travel up to 16 km daily in search of food [5]. They are less susceptible to some highly contagious livestock diseases, such as foot-and-mouth disease [6]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors of brucellosis seropositivity in Bactrian camels of Mongolia

Bayasgalan

Chultemdorj

Roth³

et al. 2018

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundMore information on brucellosis epidemiology in Bactrian camels is needed due to their growing economic and livelihood importance for herders and renewed efforts in Mongolia to eliminate brucellosis through mass vaccination of ruminants excluding camels. Brucellosis prevalence in camels increased over the past two decades. Random multi-stage cluster surveys were done in the Eastern provinces of Dornod and Sukhbaatar in 2013 and 2014 and in the Southern & Western provinces of Dornogobi, Umnogobi and Khovd in 2014 and 2015. A total of 1822 camels, 1155 cattle, and 3023 small ruminant sera were collected and tested with the Rose Bengal Test. In addition, 195 vaginal swabs and 250 milk samples for bacteriological culture were taken from livestock with history of abortion.ResultsThe overall apparent seroprevalence in camels was 2.3% (95% confidence interval 1.6–3.3). The main risk factor for camel seropositivity was being in an Eastern province when compared to Southern & Western provinces (odds ratio 13.2, 95% CI 5.3–32.4). Camel seroprevalences were stable over the two consecutive survey years, despite introduction of ruminant vaccination: 5.7% (95% CI 3.1–10.2%) and 5.8% (3.3–10.1%) in Eastern provinces and 0.4% (0.2–1.2%) and 0.5% (0.1–2.0%) in Southern & Western provinces. We isolated Brucella abortus from camels and cattle. Camel seropositivity was associated to keeping cattle together with camels. Monitoring of vaccination campaigns showed that coverage in cattle was insufficient because animals could not be adequately restrained.ConclusionsThe present study reveals that brucellosis is present with important seroprevalence in Mongolian camels and was endemic in Eastern provinces. Camel herd seropositivity was most closely associated to infection in cattle.Longer term monitoring is needed to assess whether camel seroprevalance decreases with ongoing vaccination in Mongolia. This should be coupled with further confirmation on Brucella spp. isolates. To date, only Brucella abortus was isolated, but camels are also susceptible to Brucella melitensis. Clear verbal and written information on disease prevention in livestock and household members is important, particularly for remote camel herders who had only moderate knowledge on brucellosis epidemiology and preventive measures.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1664-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Bactrian camels, in contrast, are susceptible and may play a small but significant role in the epidemiology of the disease in Central Asia. NW camelids can contract the disease both naturally and experimentally, but they are significantly less susceptible than cattle and sheep and stop shedding 14 days post-infection; they do not remain carriers after infection (Wernery and Kinne, 2012a). Lesions are similar to those described in ruminants: vesicle formation followed by erosions and ulcers on the tongue, dental pads, oral cavity, palate, lips, nostril, coronary band, interdigital space with undermining of the footpads, teats, and the pillars of C-1 and C-2.…”

Section: Rna Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Camelidae

Agnew

2018

Pathology of Wildlife and Zoo Animals

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Foot and mouth disease and similar virus infections in camelids: a review

Cited by 34 publications

References 22 publications

The major histocompatibility complex of Old World camelids: Class I and class I‐related genes

The major histocompatibility complex of Old World camelids: Class I and class I‐related genes

Risk factors of brucellosis seropositivity in Bactrian camels of Mongolia

Camelidae

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