Foot‐and‐mouth disease in Kazakhstan

Background: This study was performed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs) of farmers and veterinary professionals towards foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in the area studied. Methods:The study was based on a comprehensive questionnaire administered through face-to-face interviews. Between January and May 2022, 543 households and 27 animal health practitioners (AHP) were visited in 4 provinces of the West Kazakhstan region to assess their KAPs towards FMD.Results: A large proportion of herd owners (84%) had known the name of the disease, and nearly a half (48) of respondents had heard of FMD cases on farms in the neighbourhood. Oral mucosa lesions were the most consistent with clinical sign characteristic of FMD among farmers (31.4%), followed by hoof blisters (27.6%) and excessive salivation (18.6%). Farmers reported that new animal introduction was potentially the main factor associated with FMD occurrence in their herds. Over half of farmers (54%) interviewed prefer not to purchase livestock from unknown or potentially epidemiologically disadvantaged areas. 27) reported that in their zone of veterinary responsibilities, vaccination against FMD is not practised because the area investigated possesses FMD-free status. However, in the past few years, numerous FMD outbreaks have been detected throughout the region. For this reason, immediate actions need to be taken to prevent further FMD occurrences by giving the region a status of an FMD-free zone with vaccination. The current study demonstrated that inadequate quarantine controls of imported animals, absence of regular vaccination and unrestricted animal movement Conclusion: All AHPs (This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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“…Another study reports a similar seasonal pattern of FMD occurrence in Kazakhstan (Tyulegenov et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of smallholder farmers on foot‐and‐mouth disease in Cattle in West Kazakhstan

Bayantassova

Kushaliyev

Zhubantayev

et al. 2023

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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“…The epidemic resulted in the suspension of Kazakhstan's FMD-free status. Further investigation of the incursion revealed that the outbreak was caused by a strain that had been previously identified in neighboring countries, demonstrating the need for regional policy and actions intended to secure the free status of neighboring countries and to prevent the transboundary spread of the disease ( 4 ). Such need is not unique to the Central Asia region.…”

Section: Discussion: Challenges and Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In 2022, an FMD outbreak was reported in Kazakhstan, resulting in the provisional suspension of the disease-free status of the affected zone. A description of the outbreaks reported in 2022 is available elsewhere ( 4 ). Briefly, the outbreak was initially suspected through passive surveillance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The progressive control of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in the Republic of Kazakhstan: Successes and challenges

et al. 2023

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has historically caused far-reaching economic losses to many regions worldwide. FMD control has been problematic, and the disease is still prevalent in many West and Central Asia countries. Here, we review the progress made by Kazakhstan in achieving freedom from FMD and discuss some of the challenges associated with maintaining the FMD-free status, as evidenced by the occurrence of an outbreak in 2022. A combination of zoning, movement control, vaccination, and surveillance strategies led to eliminating the disease in the country. However, the circulation of the FMD virus in the region still imposes a risk for Kazakhstan, and coordinated strategies are ultimately needed to support disease elimination. The results presented here may help design effective pathways to progressively eliminate the disease in West and Central Asia while promoting the design and implementation of regional actions to support FMD control.

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“…Two clinical samples (aphthous suspension) from Kazakhstan (in Kiykta, in the Shetsky district of the Karaganda region) collected in January 2022 indicated a FMD outbreak upon detection of O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e sublineage [ 31 ]. FMD outbreaks in Orenburgskaya oblast (Russia) and Karagandinskaya oblast (Kazakhstan) attributable to O/ME-SA/Ind-2001, were documented in regions that have had a long history of freedom (no vaccination): since 1973 in Orenburgskaya oblast, and 2007 in Karagandinskaya oblast.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Molecular Epidemiology of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia in Terms of O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e Sublineage Expansion

Никифоров

Щербаков

Chvala

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has long been recognized as a highly contagious, transboundary disease of livestock incurring substantial losses and burdens to animal production and trade across Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Due to the recent emergence of the O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 lineage globally contributing to the expansion of FMD, molecular epidemiological investigations help in tracing the evolution of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) across endemic and newly affected regions. In this work, our phylogenetic analysis reveals that the recent FMDV incursions in Russia, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan in 2021–2022 were due to the virus belonging to the O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e sublineage, belonging to the cluster from Cambodian FMDV isolates. The studied isolates varied by 1.0–4.0% at the VP1 nucleotide level. Vaccine matching tests indicated that the vaccination policy in the subregion should be tailored according to the peculiarities of the ongoing epidemiologic situation. The current vaccination should change from such vaccine strains as O1 Manisa (ME–SA), O no 2102/Zabaikalsky/2010 (O/ME-SA/Mya-98) (r1 = 0.05–0.28) to strains that most closely antigenically match the dominant lineage O No. 2212/Primorsky/2014 (O O/ME-SA//Mya-98) and O No. 2311/Zabaikalsky/2016 (O ME-SA/Ind-2001) (r1 = 0.66–1.0).

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Foot‐and‐mouth disease in Kazakhstan

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of smallholder farmers on foot‐and‐mouth disease in Cattle in West Kazakhstan

Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of smallholder farmers on foot‐and‐mouth disease in Cattle in West Kazakhstan

The progressive control of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in the Republic of Kazakhstan: Successes and challenges

Insights into the Molecular Epidemiology of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia in Terms of O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e Sublineage Expansion

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