Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Red Deer - Experimental Infection and Test Methods Performance

Kittelberger, Reinhold; Nfon, Charles; Swekla, K.; Zhang, Zhidong; Hole, Kate; Bittner, Hilary; Salo, Tim; Goolia, Melissa; Embury-Hyatt, Carissa; Bueno, Rudolfo; Hannah, Michaela J.; Swainsbury, Richard; O’Sullivan, Ciara K.; Spence, Richard P.; Clough, R R; McFadden, Andrew; Rawdon, T G; Alexandersen, Søren

doi:10.1111/tbed.12363

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…RNA extraction from tissue suspensions and environmental samples was performed as previously described [ 17 ] using a MagMax-96 Viral RNA Isolation Kit, AM1836 (ThermoFisher Scientific Inc., USA) following manufacturer’s protocol. The MagMAX™ Express-96 Instrument and a Deep Well Magnetic Particle Processor (ThermoFisher Scientific Inc.) were used for RNA purification.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome wide analysis of the evolution of Senecavirus A from swine clinical material and assembly yard environmental samples

Hole

Goolia

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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Senecavirus A (SVA), previously known as Seneca Valley virus, was first isolated in the United States in 2002. SVA was associated with porcine idiopathic vesicular disease in Canada and the USA in 2007 and 2012, respectively. Recent increase in SVA outbreaks resulting in neonatal mortality of piglets and/or vesicular lesions in sows in Brazil, the USA and Canada point to the necessity to study the pathogenicity and molecular epidemiology of the virus. Here, we report the analysis of the complete coding sequences of SVA from 2 clinical cases and 9 assembly yard environmental samples collected in 2015 in Canada, along with 22 previously released complete genomes in the GenBank. With this combined data set, the evolution of the SVA over a 12-month period in 2015/2016 was evaluated. These SVA isolates were characterized by a rapid accumulation of genetic variations driven mainly by a high nucleotide substitution rate and purifying selection. The SVA sequences clustered in clearly defined geographical areas with reported cases of SVA infection. No transmission links were identified between assembly yards, suggesting that point source introductions may have occurred. In addition, 25 fixed non-synonymous mutations were identified across all analyzed strains when compared to the prototype SVA strain (SVV-001). This study highlights the importance of monitoring SVA mutations for their role in increased virulence and impact on SVA diagnostics.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome wide analysis of the evolution of Senecavirus A from swine clinical material and assembly yard environmental samples

Hole

Goolia

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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“…Liquid exudates from the thawed muscle (MJ) released into the plastic bag were harvested with a sterile pipette and transferred into cryovials. Then, 10% tissue suspensions of the lymph nodes and tonsils were prepared using Precellys Lysing Kits (BER-P000918LYSK0A0, ESBE Scientific, Markham, ON, USA) as previously described [ 27 , 28 ]. MJ and tissue suspensions were stored at −70 °C until they were used for testing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Swine Meat Juice

et al. 2020

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Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious agent that impacts livestock industries worldwide, leading to significant financial loss. Its impact can be avoided or minimized if the virus is detected early. FMDV detection relies on vesicular fluid, epithelial tags, swabs, serum, and other sample types from live animals. These samples might not always be available, necessitating the use of alternative sample types. Meat juice (MJ), collected after freeze-thaw cycles of skeletal muscle, is a potential sample type for FMDV detection, especially when meat is illegally imported. We have performed experiments to evaluate the suitability of MJ for FMDV detection. MJ was collected from pigs that were experimentally infected with FMDV. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from MJ, sera, oral swabs, and lymph nodes from the same animals and tested for FMDV by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). MJ was also tested for FMDV antigen by Lateral Flow Immunoassay (LFI). FMDV RNA was detected in MJ by rRT-PCR starting at one day post infection (DPI) and as late as 21 DPI. In contrast, FMDV RNA was detected in sera at 1–7 DPI. Antigen was also detected in MJ at 1–9 DPI by LFI. Live virus was not isolated directly from MJ, but was recovered from the viral genome by transfection into susceptible cells. The data show that MJ is a good sample type for FMDV detection.

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“…RNA extraction from serum, nasal swabs (NS), oral swabs (OS) and OF samples for viral RNA detection was performed as previously described (Kittelberger et al., ) using a MagMax‐96 Viral RNA Isolation Kit, AM1836 (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., USA) following manufacturer's protocol. The MagMAX ™ Express‐96 Instrument (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.) was used for purification using a Deep Well Magnetic Particle Processor (manufacturer' info).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Oral Fluids for Detection of Virus and Antibodies in Pigs Infected with Swine Vesicular Disease Virus

Senthilkumaran

Bittner

Ambagala

et al. 2016

Transbound Emerg Dis

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The use of swine oral fluid (OF) for the detection of nucleic acids and antibodies is gaining significant popularity. Assays have been developed for this purpose for endemic and foreign animal diseases of swine. Here, we report the use of OF for the detection of virus and antibodies in pigs experimentally infected with swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV), a virus that causes a disease clinically indistinguishable from the economically devastating foot-and-mouth disease. Viral genome was detected in OF by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR) from 1 day post-infection (DPI) to 21 DPI. Virus isolation from OF was also successful at 1-5 DPI. An adapted competitive ELISA based on the monoclonal antibodies 5B7 detected antibodies to SVDV in OF starting at DPI 6. Additionally, using isotype-specific indirect ELISAs, SVDV-specific IgM and IgA were evaluated in OF. IgM response started at DPI 6, peaking at DPI 7 or 14 and declining sharply at DPI 21, while IgA response started at DPI 7, peaked at DPI 14 and remained high until the end of the experiment. These results confirm the potential use of OF for SVD surveillance using both established and partially validated assays in this study.

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Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Red Deer - Experimental Infection and Test Methods Performance

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Genome wide analysis of the evolution of Senecavirus A from swine clinical material and assembly yard environmental samples

Genome wide analysis of the evolution of Senecavirus A from swine clinical material and assembly yard environmental samples

Detection of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Swine Meat Juice

Use of Oral Fluids for Detection of Virus and Antibodies in Pigs Infected with Swine Vesicular Disease Virus

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