Foot-and-mouth disease: overview of motives of disease spread and efficacy of available vaccines

Saeed, Ali; Kanwal, Sehrish; Arshad, Memoona; Ali, Muhammad; Shaikh, Rehan Sadiq; Abubakar, Muhammad

doi:10.1186/s40781-015-0042-8

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The universal primer pairs IF/IR and P1/P2-based RT-PCR along with sequence detection can be used in the primarily rapid detection of FMD in infected animals [ 18 ]. It was recorded to be very successful for the detection and confirmation of FMDV serotype directly from the samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical, molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis study of local foot-and-mouth disease virus in Al-Qadisiyah province of Iraq

2018

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Aim:This study was directed during an outbreak of suspected foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in cattle in Al-Qadisiyah province, Iraq 2016. The disease has made a huge economic loss in livestock. It was suspected that the vaccination has failed to protect the animals from the infection because of the difference in the strains. Consequently, we designed the study to make the diagnosis and detect the strain of the causative virus.Materials and Methods:The extraction of the DNA was done on 73 samples and Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was used in the detection of FMD virus (FMDV) for primary diagnosis, and serotype-specific diagnosis was done with universal primer sets 1F/1R, A-1C612, and O-ARS4 with the expected band of 329, 865, and 1301 bp, respectively.Results:Universal primer pair 1F/1R detected FMD in 55 of 73 (75.3%); of these, 37 (67.3%) were females and 18 (32.7%) were males, with high significance (p<0.01) between males and females in the PCR positivity ratio. The tested samples with positive universal primer were amplified with specific primers A-IC612 with no reaction for serotype O-ARS4.Conclusion:The products of RT-PCR were sent for RNA sequencing, and the results were 100% positive to serotype A which means that it is the predominant type in Iraq. It may help in the importing or production of the vaccine to make a preventive plan for the disease. The virus of FMD is contagious and dangerous due to its role in the huge economic loses. The detection of this virus is widely explained in lots of articles, but it is more specific and sensitive in RT-PCR and sequencing. Consequently, the authorities responsible for importing and/or production vaccines have to avoid the importing of other serotypes because it will be losing money and more outbreaks will explode.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical, molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis study of local foot-and-mouth disease virus in Al-Qadisiyah province of Iraq

2018

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“…However, animal movement and trade restrictions (4) in combination with inactivated vaccines formulated with adjuvants are still the most commonly used strategy in FMD enzootic regions (3) or in case of outbreaks in FMD-free countries. Although effective, current inactivated vaccines have several limitations: they provide serotype specific, short-lived immunity with the necessity of booster injection, have a limited shelf life, require expensive high-containment biosafety level 3 (BSL3) manufacturing facilities for production, and do not allow the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) unless highly purified (2,3). Recently, an Ad5-FMDV vaccine that overcomes many of these shortcomings has been granted a conditional license for use in cattle in the United States in case of emergency (5).…”

Section: Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

Constitutively Active IRF7/IRF3 Fusion Protein Completely Protects Swine against Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Ramírez-Carvajal¹,

Segundo

Ramírez-Medina³

et al. 2016

J Virol

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) remains one of the most devastating livestock diseases around the world. Several serotype-specific vaccine formulations exist, but they require about 5 to 7 days to induce protective immunity. Our previous studies have shown that a constitutively active fusion protein of porcine interferon (IFN) regulatory factors (IRF) 7 and 3 [IRF7/3(5D)] strongly induced type I IFN and antiviral genes in vitro and prevented mortality in an FMD mouse model when delivered with a replication-defective adenoviral vector [Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D)]. Here, we demonstrate that pigs treated with 10 8 , 10 9 , or 10 10 PFU of Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D) 24 h before FMDV challenge were fully protected from FMD clinical signs and did not develop viremia, virus shedding or antibodies against FMDV nonstructural proteins. Pigs treated with Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D) had higher levels of IFN and antiviral activity in serum, and upregulated expression of several IFN-stimulated genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, compared to pigs treated with Ad5-Blue vector control. Importantly, treatment of porcine cultured cells with Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D) inhibited the replication of all 7 FMDV serotypes. In vitro experiments using cultured embryonic fibroblasts derived from IFN receptor knockout mice suggested that the antiviral response induced by Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D) was dependent on type I and III IFN pathways; however, experiments with mice demonstrated that a functional type I IFN pathway mediates Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D) protection conferred in vivo. Our studies demonstrate that inoculation with Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D) completely protects swine against FMD by inducing a strong type I IFN response and highlights its potential application to rapidly and effectively prevent FMDV replication and dissemination. IMPORTANCEFoot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a fast-spreading disease that affects farm animals, with economically and socially devastating consequences. Our study shows that inoculation with a constitutively active transcription factor, namely, a fusion protein of porcine interferon (IFN) regulatory factors (IRF) 7 and 3 delivered by an adenovirus vector [Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D)], is a new effective treatment to prevent FMD in swine. Animals pretreated with Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D) 1 day before being exposed to FMDV were completely protected from viral replication and clinical disease. It is noteworthy that the doses of Ad5-poIRF7/ 3(5D) required for protection are lower than those previously reported for similar approaches using Ad5 vectors delivering type I, II, or III IFN, suggesting that this novel strategy would be economically appealing to counteract FMD. Our results also indicate that a dynamic interplay among different components of pigs' innate immune defenses allows potent antiviral effects after Ad5-poIF7/3(5D) administration. F oot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes an economically, socially devastating, fast-spreading disease that affects a wide range of farm and wild cloven-hooved animals (1). The existence of seven serotypes (A, Asia1, C, O, a...

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“…Since FMD is highly contagious and spreads rapidly, control of FMD is very challenging and requires a combination of strategies including detection and elimination of infected animals (Bachrach 1968, Paton and others 2014). While early detection and culling of infected and susceptible animals on the infected premises are pivotal ways to eradicate FMD, vaccination has also been an effective measure to control the spread of FMD (Lombard and others 2007, Elnekave and others 2013, Naranjo and Cosivi 2013, Saeed and others 2015). Vaccinations of cloven‐hoofed animals with O1 Manisa have been implemented after a severe outbreak of FMD occurred in South Korea in 2010.…”

Section: Con† Trt1‡ Trt2§ Sementioning

confidence: 99%

Attenuation of the adverse effects caused by the foot‐and‐mouth disease vaccination in pigs

Kim

Lee

et al. 2015

Veterinary Record

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Foot-and-mouth disease: overview of motives of disease spread and efficacy of available vaccines

Cited by 16 publications

References 66 publications

Clinical, molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis study of local foot-and-mouth disease virus in Al-Qadisiyah province of Iraq

Clinical, molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis study of local foot-and-mouth disease virus in Al-Qadisiyah province of Iraq

Constitutively Active IRF7/IRF3 Fusion Protein Completely Protects Swine against Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Attenuation of the adverse effects caused by the foot‐and‐mouth disease vaccination in pigs

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