Foot Manifestations in a COVID-19–Positive Patient: A Case Study

Nirenberg, Michael S.; Herrera, María del Mar Ruiz

doi:10.7547/20-088

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In a recent study, 41% of patients with COVID toes had a confirmed COVID-19 infection and serology, however patients with convincing physical exam and history of exposure have also tested negative for SARS-CoV2 RNA, which further obscures the role of testing in supporting diagnosis and quarantine recommendations (Galván Casas et al, 2020). Despite these barriers, COVID toes or pseudo-chilblains, have recently come into focus in which patients have detailed painful, pernio-like acral lesions that are raised and discolored in patients of all ages (Nirenberg and Del Mar Ruiz Herrera, 2020;Cordoro et al, 2020). Typically emerging within a week of other COVID-19 symptoms, the etiology and subsequent pathophysiology of COVID toes are unknown and unlike classical chilblains, in which lesions occur due to small vessel inflammation in response to cold temperature or vitamin D deficiency (Piccolo et al, 2020;Shahi et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies have highlighted new dermatological findings related to COVID-19 from assorted constellations of benign rashes in adults to a more deadly Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19 (Andina et al, 2020;Belhadjer et al, 2020;Galván Casas et al, 2020;Nirenberg and Del Mar Ruiz Herrera, 2020). COVID toes, a type of benign pseudo-chilblains, were one of the first rashes ascribed to COVID-19, however its significance as a diagnostic tool or prognosticator for recovery are still largely being investigated (Cordoro et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID Toes: Digital Vascular Changes in Patients with a COVID19 Infection

Chin¹,

Rivera²,

Lomiguen³

et al. 2020

FMCR

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COVID-19 is a highly infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus and has resulted in a global pandemic.Primarily understood as a respiratory disease, ongoing studies have observed the effects of COVID-19 on other body systems. COVID toes, also known as pseudo-chilblains, is an increasingly common dermatological condition in which pruritic, erythematous rashes appear on the toes. Generally benign in adults, COVID toes have also been observed in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19. Here we present a case of a 9-year-old Hispanic asymptomatic COVID-19 male and a 53-year-old African American female with symptomatic, confirmed COVID-19, with a comparison of the prognostic differences between children and adults of COVID toes and a review of the current literature.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID Toes: Digital Vascular Changes in Patients with a COVID19 Infection

Chin¹,

Rivera²,

Lomiguen³

et al. 2020

FMCR

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“…This blood coagulation seems to be not only faster, but also more severe than that observed in life-threatening influenza or sepsis. Purple rashes, swollen legs, and clogged catheters are common clinical manifestations of COVID-19 ( 62 , 63 ). A study from Wuhan China of critical COVID-19 pneumonia documented acro-ischemia including dry gangrene finger/toe cyanosis, and skin bulla, which accounted for 21% of critically ill patients hospitalized at the same time ( 62 , 64 ).…”

Section: Thehemostatic Abnormalities and Pulmonary Microvascular Thrombosis In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunothrombosis in Acute Respiratory Dysfunction of COVID-19

Fang

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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COVID-19 is an acute, complex disorder that was caused by a new β-coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Based on current reports, it was surprising that the characteristics of many patients with COVID-19, who fulfil the Berlin criteria for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), are not always like those of patients with typical ARDS and can change over time. While the mechanisms of COVID-19–related respiratory dysfunction in COVID-19 have not yet been fully elucidated, pulmonary microvascular thrombosis is speculated to be involved. Considering that thrombosis is highly related to other inflammatory lung diseases, immunothrombosis, a two-way process that links coagulation and inflammation, seems to be involved in the pathophysiology of COVID-19, including respiratory dysfunction. Thus, the current manuscript will describe the proinflammatory milieu in COVID-19, summarize current evidence of thrombosis in COVID-19, and discuss possible interactions between these two.

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“…It was reported as 'suspected', as the subjects were not able to be fully assessed or indeed even confirmed as having had the infection. With increasing interest in these lesions, national newspapers in many countries were reporting these as potential signs of the disease of children and further medical publications rapidly followed [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] on a daily basis. All of these were case reports and case series.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mystery of the COVID toes – turning evidence‐based medicine on its head

Bristow

Borthwick

2020

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

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The recent and rapid emergence of COVID-19 infection has led to a flood of publications describing all aspects of the disease and its presentation. The appearance of chilblain-like lesions, in children and young adults has particularly caught the attention of healthcare professionals with an interest in the foot. With such a novel infection, demand for information is high at a time when evidence is scarce. Consequently, there has been a renaissance in the publication of case studies. This type of research, previously relegated from many mainstream journals, as a low level source of evidence, has permitted the rapid reporting, publication and dissemination of much needed clinical data which can be used as a foundation to inform further research and investigations about a new global infection.

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Foot Manifestations in a COVID-19–Positive Patient: A Case Study

Cited by 14 publications

References 4 publications

COVID Toes: Digital Vascular Changes in Patients with a COVID19 Infection

COVID Toes: Digital Vascular Changes in Patients with a COVID19 Infection

Immunothrombosis in Acute Respiratory Dysfunction of COVID-19

The mystery of the COVID toes – turning evidence‐based medicine on its head

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