“…For example, if one's team wins, a fan's positive outcome might include overall mood increases (Knoll et al, 2014), higher self-ascribed competencies (Lanter & Blackburn, 2004;Wann, 1994;Wann & Pierce, 2005), higher self-esteem (Keaton, et al, 2014;Wann et al, 1999), and other effects (see Table 1). Likewise, if one's team "fails" or "loses," there are negative outcomes such as a negative outlook on the world (Berument et al, 2013;Knoll et al, 2014;Schweitzer et al, 1992) or higher levels of loneliness, depression, or other negative emotions (Wann, et al, 2003;Wann et al, 1999).…”