Footprint of recycled water subsidies downwind of Lake Michigan

Bowen, Gabriel J.; Kennedy, Casey D.; Henne, Paul D.; Zhang, Tonglin

doi:10.1890/es12-00062.1

Cited by 64 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Based on monthly precipitation, the annual weighted contribution of evaporation was calculated to be 23.42% or 90.54 mm/year. These results indicated that there is plentiful evaporation from the lake to mix with vapor from the upwind region and increase the d-excess value of local precipitation in the basin (Froehlich et al, 2008;Xu et al, 2011;Bowen et al, 2012). The contribution of evaporation was similar to the results of previous similar studies ( Table 4).…”

Section: Contribution Of the Evaporation From Lake To Local Precipitasupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Lake effect is represented by the relationships between the δ 18 O of precipitation and the distance between the sampling location and lake center (Fig. 1, Haixin Mountain), to explore the influence of evaporation from the lake on the basin's total precipitation (Gat et al, 1994;Bowen et al, 2012).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The isotopic values of precipitation in the basin were plotted mostly above and to the left of the GMWL (Fig. 2), indicating that the d-excess values were greater than 10‰ due to the recycled water derived from evaporated vapor (Gat et al, 1994;Bowen et al, 2012). Values of d-excess are controlled mainly by relative humidity and temperature over the evaporating surface, and wind speed at the source region of atmospheric moisture (Merlivat and Jouzel, 1979;Rozanski et al, 1993;Froehlich et al, 2002).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Stable Isotope Of the Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stable isotopes reveal sources of precipitation in the Qinghai Lake Basin of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau

Cui

2015

Science of The Total Environment

105

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Section: Contribution Of the Evaporation From Lake To Local Precipitasupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characteristics Of Stable Isotope Of the Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stable isotopes reveal sources of precipitation in the Qinghai Lake Basin of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau

Cui

2015

Science of The Total Environment

105

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“…We show that water vapor deuterium excess (d = δ 2 H -8 × δ 18 O) closely tracks changes in CO 2 through inversion events and across a daily cycle dominated by patterns of human activity. Deuterium excess reflects deviations in the coupled H and O isotopic compositions of water from a covariant trend established by equilibrium phase-change reactions in the atmosphere, and has previously been used to diagnose vapor source region conditions, nonequilibrium processes, and vertical mixing (18)(19)(20)(21). We demonstrate that combustion-derived water vapor is characterized by a distinctive d value due to its unique mode of production, illustrate that this strong signal is detectible and can be used to quantify the concentration of combustion-derived vapor in the SLC wintertime atmosphere, and demonstrate congruence between these estimates and those derived from a mass-balance model forced by meteorological and emissions data.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vapor hydrogen and oxygen isotopes reflect water of combustion in the urban atmosphere

Gorski¹,

Strong²,

Good³

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Anthropogenic modification of the water cycle involves a diversity of processes, many of which have been studied intensively using models and observations. Effective tools for measuring the contribution and fate of combustion-derived water vapor in the atmosphere are lacking, however, and this flux has received relatively little attention. We provide theoretical estimates and a first set of measurements demonstrating that water of combustion is characterized by a distinctive combination of H and O isotope ratios. We show that during periods of relatively low humidity and/or atmospheric stagnation, this isotopic signature can be used to quantify the concentration of water of combustion in the atmospheric boundary layer over Salt Lake City. Combustion-derived vapor concentrations vary between periods of atmospheric stratification and mixing, both on multiday and diurnal timescales, and respond over periods of hours to variations in surface emissions. Our estimates suggest that up to 13% of the boundary layer vapor during the period of study was derived from combustion sources, and both the temporal pattern and magnitude of this contribution were closely reproduced by an independent atmospheric model forced with a fossil fuel emissions data product. Our findings suggest potential for water vapor isotope ratio measurements to be used in conjunction with other tracers to refine the apportionment of urban emissions, and imply that water vapor emissions associated with combustion may be a significant component of the water budget of the urban boundary layer, with potential implications for urban climate, ecohydrology, and photochemistry. A nthropogenic perturbation of the atmospheric water cycle is expressed over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Recent global changes resulting from warming-associated increases in saturation vapor pressure have been observed in satellite and reanalysis data (1, 2). Regional impacts related to large-scale land use change are detectible in precipitation data and models (3-5). Humidity anomalies (both positive and negative) have been observed in many urban centers and associated with changes in land cover, direct anthropogenic sources, and interaction of evapotranspiration and condensation processes with the urban heat island effect (6-10).Fossil fuel combustion releases water vapor to the atmosphere. Assuming an average molar ratio of H 2 O to CO 2 emission of 1.5 (see Water of Combustion) and current anthropogenic carbon emission rates of 9.5 Pg C/y (11), global combustion vapor emissions total ∼21 Pg/y. At the global scale, these numbers are four orders of magnitude smaller than the gross global exchange of water vapor between the Earth surface and the atmosphere, which totals more than 480,000 Pg/y (12). However, anthropogenic emissions are highly concentrated in space and time and, locally, may be a significant source of vapor and impact atmospheric water cycling, ambient humidity, and photochemistry. Water of combustion has been hypothesized to be an important contributor...

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“…Tools such as IsoMAP (Bowen et al ) allow users to generate isoscapes that have unique spatial and temporal domains relevant to the study (Bowen et al , Vander Zanden et al , Tonra et al ). However, the distribution of GNIP measurements that comprise the majority of the data available is variable in time and space (Aggarwal et al ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Space‐time tradeoffs in the development of precipitation‐based isoscape models for determining migratory origin

Zanden

Wunder

Hobson

et al. 2015

Journal of Avian Biology

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Precipitation stable isotope patterns over continental scales provide a fundamental tool for tracking origins of migratory species. Hydrogen isotopes from rain and environmental waters are assimilated into animal tissues and may thereby reveal the location where tissues were synthesized. Predictive isotopic maps (or isoscapes) of stable hydrogen isotope values in precipitation (d 2 H p ) are typically generated by time-averaging observations from a global network of stations that have been sampled irregularly in space and time. We previously demonstrated that restricting the temporal range in d 2 H p isoscapes to biologically relevant time frames did not improve predictions of geographic origin for two migratory species in North America and Europe; rather, it decreased the accuracy of assignment. Here, we examined whether the reduction in assignment accuracy stemmed from a decrease in the number of sampling stations available to support isoscape development for shorter time periods. Multiple regression models were used to predict the hydrogen isotope composition in precipitation using isotopic measurements from each station along with a suite of independent variables. The reduction in the number of stations with d 2 H p measurements used to estimate isoscape model parameters did not alter the accuracy and precision of assignments consistently. We also examined accuracy across a range of reduced station numbers and found that mean accuracy was affected only at very low numbers of stations, indicating that the spatial isotopic patterns in precipitation that are useful for assignment applications can be characterized with data from relatively limited data stations. The number and spatial distribution of stations may have more influence when geostatistical models are used to generate isoscapes, as they incorporate spatial correlation in the dataset. The results can be used to guide future research in understanding how data availability and constraints in creating d 2 H p isoscapes may affect predictions of geographic origins.

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Footprint of recycled water subsidies downwind of Lake Michigan

Cited by 64 publications

References 48 publications

Stable isotopes reveal sources of precipitation in the Qinghai Lake Basin of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau

Stable isotopes reveal sources of precipitation in the Qinghai Lake Basin of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau

Vapor hydrogen and oxygen isotopes reflect water of combustion in the urban atmosphere

Space‐time tradeoffs in the development of precipitation‐based isoscape models for determining migratory origin

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