Footshock treatment activates catecholamine synthesis in slices of mouse brain regions

Kramarcy, Neal R.; Delanoy, Richard L.; Dunn, Adrian J.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(84)90949-1

Cited by 55 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Previous reports have shown that NAL attenuates numerous behavioral and dopamine (DA) activating effects (including an increased DA release) induced by psychostimulant drugs in the dopaminergic mesoaccumbens area, by means of an opioid-dopamine interaction (Holtzman 1974;Trujillo et al 1991;Hooks et al 1992). Therefore, it could be hypothesized that NAL may attenuate the initial increase in accumbal DA release usually observed following stress exposure (Fadda et al 1978;Herman et al 1982;Kramaroy et al 1984;Puglisi-Allegra et al 1991), and may reduce the arousal produced by the aversive stimulus (Puglisi-Allegra et al 1991). However, naltrexone has been reported to prevent the decrease but not the initial increase in DA turnover in the nucleus accumbens induced by stress (Cabib et al 1989), suggesting that NAL treatment does not block neural response to arousal evoked by the stressor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic variable stress or chronic morphine facilitates immobility in a forced swim test: reversal by naloxone

1994

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The behaviors displayed in a forced swim test were investigated in rats previously exposed to a chronic variable stress treatment or chronic administration of morphine. In addition, to further explore the participation of an endogenous opiate mechanism in these behavioral effects, naloxone was either administered during the chronic treatment (prior to each stress or morphine exposure) or immediately prior to the forced swim test. Animals were submitted daily to a different stressor for 1 week or injected with morphine (10 mg/kg, IP) for 6 days, whereas controls were unmanipulated except for the injection process. On the day following the last stressor, control and stressed animals were administered saline or naloxone (2 mg/kg, IP) 15 min prior to the forced swim test. Morphine treated animals were similarly tested on the third day following the last morphine injection. In a separate group of rats, naloxone (2 mg/kg, IP) was administered daily 10 min prior to each stressor of the chronic stress regime or each daily morphine injection. A significant increase in the time spent in immobility was observed in stressed animals as well as in rats chronically treated with morphine. In both groups, this potentiated immobility was attenuated by naloxone pretreatment prior to the forced swim test or when given before each daily stressor or morphine injection. In addition, the concurrent exposure to stress or morphine along with naloxone administration enhanced struggling in the first 5 min of the forced swim test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic variable stress or chronic morphine facilitates immobility in a forced swim test: reversal by naloxone

1994

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“…Early postmortem studies found altered dopamine and dopamine metabolite concentrations in brains of rodents following stress (Deutch et al 1991; Deutch et al 1985; Dunn and File 1983; Fadda et al 1978; Kramarcy et al 1984). With advances in microdialysis techniques to monitor in vivo extracellular monamine levels in awake, freely moving animals in the late 1980s, researchers began to more directly assess dopamine in response to a variety of stressors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ventral tegmental area dopamine revisited: effects of acute and repeated stress

2015

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Aversive events rapidly and potently excite certain dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), promoting phasic increases in the medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. This is in apparent contradiction to a wealth of literature demonstrating that most VTA dopamine neurons are strongly activated by reward and reward-predictive cues while inhibited by aversive stimuli. How can these divergent processes both be mediated by VTA dopamine neurons? The answer may lie within the functional and anatomical heterogeneity of the VTA. We focus on VTA heterogeneity in anatomy, neurochemistry, electrophysiology, and afferent/efferent connectivity. Second, recent evidence for a critical role of VTA dopamine neurons in response to both acute and repeated stress will be discussed. Understanding which dopamine neurons are activated by stress, the neural mechanisms driving the activation, and where these neurons project will provide valuable insight into how stress can promote psychiatric disorders associated with the dopamine system, such as addiction and depression.

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“…It was shown in rats that stressors influenced the turnover of NE, E, DA, serotonin (5‐HT) in limbic structures, particularly in hypothalamus, preoptic area, hippocampus and septum ( Kramarcy et al 1984; Adell et al 1988; Dunn 1988; Inoue et al 1994; 1996). In our previous experiments with Duroc (D) pigs not sensitive to stress ( Piekarzewska et al 1999) and Pietrain (P) pigs sensitive to stress ( Piekarzewska et al 2000), we found that immobilization stress in the prone position produced consistent decrease in hypothalamic levels of NE and E in D and also in preoptic area and olfactory tuberculum in P pigs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic differences in brain monoamines level in Pietrain and Duroc pigs exposed to acute restraint stress

Rosochacki

Piekarzewska

Połoszynowicz

et al. 2003

J Animal Breeding Genetics

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Summary The distribution and endogenous concentrations of norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), dopamine (DA) as well as DA metabolites 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) and the main 5‐HT metabolite – 5‐hydroxyindole‐3‐acetic acid (5‐HIAA), were measured by HPLC in 15 brain areas of control and immobilized adult Duroc (D) and Pietrain (P) pigs. The animals were immobilized for 15, 30 and 60 min in the prone position. Control pigs displayed the pattern of regional distribution of brain monoamines similar to that described in other species. Absolute values of NE and E were much higher in the hypothalamus and the preoptic area of pigs than in other species. The concentration of E was seven times higher in the hippocampus posterior in P pigs as compared to D pigs. Also, in most structures DOPAC/DA ratio was relatively high, which points to strains related difference in the turnover of dopamine. In control animals, statistical differences in the bioamine contents were seen between both strains in 25 cases. Epinephrine accounted for more than 12% of the total concentration of both amines in D and 15% in P, this proportion was the highest among the structures compared. The highest concentration of DA and its metabolites – DOPAC and HVA, was revealed in the caudate nucleus and in the nucleus accumbens. Of other structures, the substantia nigra (SN), the septum and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) contained relatively high concentrations of DA, DOPAC and HVA. The 5‐HT level varied from the lowest concentration in the hippocampus posterior, cornu ammonis, nucleus accumbens and the caudate nucleus to the highest concentration in the hypothalamus, the SN, and brain stem areas. This distribution was paralleled by corresponding concentration of 5‐HIAA, being the highest in raphe nuclei (RN). The most conspicuous changes produced by immobilization stress consisted of a substantial decrease in the hypothalamic levels of NE and E in both strains of pig. The level of NE was always higher in D than in P in cornu ammonis, hippocampus posterior, nucleus caudatus, SN, septum, hypothalamus medialis, tectum and olfactory tuberculum. The same was for E in: SN, septum, hypothalamus medialis, and olfactory tubercle. DA, DOPAC and HVA, were changed primarily in SN in P pigs, and in RN in P and D animals. Serotonin (5‐HT) level increased substantially in RN in P pigs. 5‐HIAA level was highly elevated in the RN being always higher in P than in D pigs and in PAG. We suggest that restraint immobilization stress lead to compensatory changes in both brain monoaminergic systems. These changes may affect coping with stress demands mostly in the structures that are proposed to play a major role in the pig responsiveness to acute stress conditions.

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Footshock treatment activates catecholamine synthesis in slices of mouse brain regions

Cited by 55 publications

References 19 publications

Chronic variable stress or chronic morphine facilitates immobility in a forced swim test: reversal by naloxone

Chronic variable stress or chronic morphine facilitates immobility in a forced swim test: reversal by naloxone

Ventral tegmental area dopamine revisited: effects of acute and repeated stress

Genetic differences in brain monoamines level in Pietrain and Duroc pigs exposed to acute restraint stress

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