For how long does the quality and quantity of residues in the soil affect the carbon compartments and CO2-C emissions?

Almeida, Risely Ferraz de; Silveira, Camila Haddad; Mota, Raquel Pinheiro da; Moitinho, Mara Regina; Arruda, Everton Martins; Mendonça, Eduardo de Sá; Scala, Newton La; Wendling, Beno

doi:10.1007/s11368-016-1432-3

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Soil CO 2 emission directly results from plant roots and microorganism respiration by biochemical processes (Melillo et al 2002;Davidson and Janssens 2006), consuming oxygen (O 2 ) and producing CO 2 emissions through organic matter decomposition (Chen et al 2011). Soil temperature, moisture, microbial abundance, and substrate quality and availability are major properties that control soil CO 2 emission (Almeida et al 2015). The net CO 2 emission from the soil is also controlled by overall soil use and tillage management decisions that also directly influence the processes of CO 2 sequestration and emission (i.e., Figueroa et al 2008;Huang et al 2012;ESRL 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar insights from laboratory incubations monitoring O2 consumption and CO2 production

Almeida

Spokas

Teixeira

et al. 2019

Biochar

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Biochar has been touted as a long-term carbon sequestration tool. However, there are no studies evaluating biochar's effect on oxygen (O 2) consumption as a measure of the microbial respiration response to biochar. To gain insight into this aspect, we evaluated O 2 consumption rates to test the hypothesis that biochar is an efficient agent for carbon dioxide (CO 2) sequestration in soils. Four different biochar types and one activated charcoal were incubated alone and associated with three different soils for approximately 2 months in laboratory incubations. Headspace concentration of CO 2 and O 2 was periodically quantified. The data presented here confirm that the CO 2 production following biochar's addition to soils results in a process that is correlated to oxygen consumption. However, this overall stimulation is not clearly related to biochar type. Activated carbon resulted in the highest statistically significant stimulation of activity, despite it possessing the lowest quantity of volatile carbon and mineral nutrient sources. Taking into consideration our results, we conclude that using biochar does achieve total carbon sequestration. However, the amount of available soil organic carbon following soil incorporation appears to be reduced following biochar addition and its long-term implication on this mineralizable soil organic carbon pool does deserve more research attention.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar insights from laboratory incubations monitoring O2 consumption and CO2 production

Almeida

Spokas

Teixeira

et al. 2019

Biochar

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“…roots), which decomposes slowly (Cotrufo et al, ). However, in contrast to low quality, accelerated decomposition of high‐quality residues (e.g., under high N availability) can promote C losses (as CO 2 emissions or leaching of dissolved C) more than stabilization within SOM (De Almeida et al, ; Pabst et al, ). The soil N availability and residue decomposability (with contrasting quality) can, therefore, affect the partitioning of C within SOM fractions and its distribution along soil depths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decadal Nitrogen Fertilization Decreases Mineral‐Associated and Subsoil Carbon: A 32‐Year Study

et al. 2017

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Crop residues and manure are important sources of carbon (C) for soil organic matter (SOM) formation. Crop residue return increases by nitrogen (N) fertilization because of higher plant productivity, but this often results only in minor increases of SOM. In our study, we show how N fertilization and organic C additions affected SOM and its fractions within a 32‐year‐long field‐experiment at Puch, Germany. Five organic additions, no‐addition (control), manure, slurry, straw and straw + slurry, were combined with three mineral N fertilization rates (no, medium and high fertilization), which resulted in 1·17–4·86 Mg C‐input ha‐1 y‐1. Topsoil (0–25 cm) SOM content increased with N fertilization, mainly because of the C in free light fraction (f‐LF). In contrast, subsoil (25–60 cm) SOM decreased with N fertilization, probably because of roots' relocation in Ap horizon with N fertilization at the surface. Despite high inputs, straw contributed little to f‐LF but prevented C losses from the mineral‐associated SOM fraction (ρ > 1·6 g cm‐3) with N fertilization, which was observed without straw addition. Above (straw) and belowground (roots) residues had opposite effects on SOM fractions. Root C retained longer in the light‐fractions and was responsible for SOM increase with N fertilization. Straw decomposed rapidly (from f‐LF) and fueled the mineral‐associated SOM fraction. We conclude that SOM content and composition depended not only on residue quantity, which can be managed by the additions and N fertilization, but also on the quality of organics. This should be considered for maintaining the SOM level, C sequestration, and soil fertility. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…TOC presented a variation between 1.2 to 3.3 %, decreasing at soil depth with higher difference at FC (± 0.8 %), following CC (± 0.7 %), Figure 1. TOC decrease with soil depth has been reported in various articles (COLLETO et al, 2015;ALMEIDA et al, 2014;SANTANA et al, 2011;PULROLNIK et al, 2009), with highest TOC in surface due to accumulation and decomposition of vegetal and animal materials (ROSCOE et al, 2006), which depending on quality and quantity of the residues to increase TOC in soil (ALMEIDA et al, 2016).…”

Section: Toc and Ton Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The highest concentration of TOC and TON in FL and FC, was expected and is due to greater stability and less human intervention, which results in constant maintenance of plant residues and microorganisms responsible for mineralization. Generally, TON content is fall rapidly in soil cultivated with cereals, legumes and pasture due to N needs of microorganism (ALMEIDA et al, 2016;STEVENSON 1994).…”

Section: Toc and Ton Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recalcitrant carbon and nitrogen in agriculture soils with residue accumulation and fertilization under tropical conditions

Mikhael¹,

Almeida²,

Franco³

et al. 2019

Biosci. J.

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Soil organic matter has a strong relation to total organic carbon, and about 85% of organic carbon consists of humic substances (HS), classified as humin (HU), humic (HA) and fulvic acids (FA), and denominated as recalcitrant carbon in soil. HS are formed by complex, heterogeneous and polydisperse molecules, which have significant influence on the soil physical and chemical characteristics. The study evaluates the hypothesis that agricultural soils treated with organic residues may present higher carbon stocks as presented in forest soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate alterations in recalcitrant carbon and nitrogen stocks in Oxisol (Forest-FL, unfertilized Brachiaria-UB, and fertilized Brachiaria-FB) and Cambisol (Forest-FC, Coastcross-CC, sugarcane-CA, and silage corn-SM) at surface (0.0-0.1) and subsurface (0.1-0.2 m), in the Zona da Mata in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Result shows that fertilization, low soil disturbance and residual removal promoted increase of C and N content in HS, being close to native forests. Both, carbon and nitrogen recalcitrant, presented reduction with soil depth. HU ranged from 10.5 to 16.7 g kg-1 and presented the highest concentration compared to FA and HA. In Oxisol, FL and FB presented the highest SH concentration and demonstrate the positive effect of fertilization on carbon stocks improving soil quality in well-managed and productive areas. While, In Cambisol, FC and CC presented higher carbon and nitrogen in HS, mainly for HU and HA fractions, and SM showed the lowest concentrations in all fractions. Our results suggest that soil managements with lower soil disturbance and residual removal promotes increasing of carbon and nitrogen in recalcitrant fraction, with concentration close to native forests. Pasture should be fertilized to improve recalcitrant carbon and nitrogen stocks, avoiding process of degradation in tropical soil. It is an important outcome due to high levels of degraded areas in Brazil caused by inadequate use of soil mainly with pasture.

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For how long does the quality and quantity of residues in the soil affect the carbon compartments and CO2-C emissions?

Cited by 23 publications

References 61 publications

Biochar insights from laboratory incubations monitoring O2 consumption and CO2 production

Biochar insights from laboratory incubations monitoring O2 consumption and CO2 production

Decadal Nitrogen Fertilization Decreases Mineral‐Associated and Subsoil Carbon: A 32‐Year Study

Recalcitrant carbon and nitrogen in agriculture soils with residue accumulation and fertilization under tropical conditions

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