For Massive Access With Sporadic Traffic in M2M Communication: Collision Avoidance or Collision Resolution

Abstract

To meet the increased requirement of machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, the potential to support massive access with sporadic traffic in uplink of two typical methods, one is the collision avoidance (CA) method at the user side, and the other is the collision resolution (CR) method at the base station (BS) side, is explored under grant-free protocol in this paper. A comprehensive study from MAC layer is conducted under the proposed distributed queue model, which describes the queue behavior of each device and the interaction between devices under grant-free protocol. The upper bounds of the throughput and the success probability of CA method are derived and the closed forms of the throughput and the success probability of a typical CR method, known as power domain multiple access (PDMA), are derived. The performance is further analyzed besides delay and stability. Through simulations, we validate that there is a hopeful upper bound for CA method, and the performance of PDMA can be flexibly improved with variable power level, which has a similar effect with channel extension. On the other hand, we note that grant-free protocol is suitable for access when the input traffic is below a critical threshold, otherwise packets would be blocked at the queue and the delay would increase infinitely.

A Novel Group Paging Control Method for Massive MTC Accesses in LTE Networks

“…The results show that the algorithm can balance the demands of M2M and H2H traffic, and meet their diverse QoS requirements. Reference [26] has proposed two typical methods, one is collision avoidance (CA) method at the user side, and the other is collision resolution (CR) method at the base station (BS) side. Since M2M devices are uplink-centric, reference [27] has proposed an uplink channel resource optimization method using single carrier frequency division multiple access in LTE network.…”

A Successive Interference Cancellation Based Random Access Channel Mechanism for Machine-to-Machine Communications in Cellular Internet-of-Things

“…The proposed scheme in [36] gives high priority to the PS-LTE users which have mission-critical service requirements while allocating RACH resources in order to improve the performance metrics such as number of RACH attempts, the number of collisions, and the average access delay. In [37], a grant-free protocol with collision avoidance (CA) method at the user side and collision resolution (CR) method at the BS side has been explored separately. Further, the closed-form expressions for throughput and success probability have been derived for both CA method and typical CR method known as power domain multiple access (PDMA).…”

“…Further, the closed-form expressions for throughput and success probability have been derived for both CA method and typical CR method known as power domain multiple access (PDMA). It has been concluded in [37] that there is a upper bound for CA method. However, the performance of PDMA can be possibly improved with variable power levels.…”

“…Moreover, the number of devices that are successful with both intra-slot and inter-slot SIC also increases with the slot number. Thus, the total number of RACH successes for the proposed mechanism increases Mechanism Parameter Value 3GPP-EAB [7] Average throughput 37% FRM [8] Average throughput 37% QDAM [12] Average throughput 91.67% Access delay M-ACB [13] Success rate 86% Time delays 1250 TDIA [14] Probability of successful 98% preamble transmission CBGP [15] Successful access probability 0.75 Average access delay 7000 SACB [23] Average access delay 500 EH-based ACB [26] Throughput 75% Preamble barring [29] Success probability 0.37 Normalized throughput 37% T-NORA [30] Average throughput Average access delay 2000 CRA [31] Normalized throughput 63% GF protocol [37] Success probability 0.8 NORA [4] Successful access probability 0.48 Average throughput 48% Average access delay 498 SIC-based RACH [6] Successful access probability 0. exponentially with the slot number and maximum can be attained at the last slot of the radio frame as observed in Fig. 7 (b).…”