For Whom Does Hate Crime Hurt More? A Comparison of Consequences of Victimization Across Motives and Crime Types

Mellgren, Caroline; Andersson, Mika; Ivert, Anna‐Karin

doi:10.1177/0886260517746131

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Since the emergence of COVID-19, there has been a 22% total increase in people accessing the Mental Health America anxiety screening tool; among users, the increase in Asian American respondents has been 39% (Campbell & Ellerbeck, 2020 ). Research also suggests that hate crime victims experience more severe consequences compared to victims of non-hate crimes (Mellgren, Andersson, & Ivert, 2017 ). Specifically, McDevitt, Balboni, Garcia, and Gu ( 2001 ) reported that bias crimes impact victims differently than non-bias crimes in that victims of bias crimes are more fearful and experience intrusive thoughts following their victimization.…”

Section: Anti-asian Hate Crime During the Covid-19 Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Asian Hate Crime During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Exploring the Reproduction of Inequality

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is believed to have emerged in Wuhan, China in late December 2019 and began rapidly spreading around the globe throughout the spring months of 2020. As COVID-19 proliferated across the United States, Asian Americans reported a surge in racially motivated hate crimes involving physical violence and harassment. Throughout history, pandemic-related health crises have been associated with the stigmatization and "othering" of people of Asian descent. Asian Americans have experienced verbal and physical violence motivated by individuallevel racism and xenophobia from the time they arrived in America in the late 1700s up until the present day. At the institutional level, the state has often implicitly reinforced, encouraged, and perpetuated this violence through bigoted rhetoric and exclusionary policies. COVID-19 has enabled the spread of racism and created national insecurity, fear of foreigners, and general xenophobia, which may be related to the increase in anti-Asian hate crimes during the pandemic. We examine how these crimessituated in historically entrenched and intersecting individual-level and institutional-level racism and xenophobiahave operated to "other" Asian Americans and reproduce inequality.

show abstract

Section: Anti-asian Hate Crime During the Covid-19 Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Asian Hate Crime During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Exploring the Reproduction of Inequality

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Evidently, hate crimes contain two main parts: an act categorised as a crime under criminal law and a bias motive based on the perception of 'otherness', when selecting the victim (Boeckmann & Turpin-Petrosino, 2002;Nel et al, 2013). While hate crimes may be targeted at a particular individual, the effects of the attacks spread to the entire group to which that individual belongs (Mellgren et al, 2017).…”

Section: Defining Hate Incidentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional consequences of hate incidents: experiences of a South African cohort

Marais

Nel

Govender

2021

South African Journal of Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The consequences of hate incidents are far greater than transgressions without an underlying bias motive. The powerful emotional and psychological effect observed in victims of hate rests in the perpetrator attacking the identity or an unchangeable characteristic of a victim. Within South Africa, these effects are compounded by the country’s legacy of discrimination and oppression; thus, the potential consequences of hate victimisation within this context extend beyond the emotional. This justifies differential retributive and restorative measures following such incidents; however, legislative and policy frameworks to respond to hate victimisation are only in the beginning stages. The scarcity of empirical research on hate incidents and their consequences in South Africa renders this investigation the first of its kind. The researchers aimed to determine the demographic and situational variables that put individuals at a higher risk for experiencing emotional consequences as a result of hate victimisation. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression modelling were used to analyse data ( n = 409, Mean Age = 31.5). Results indicate a higher vulnerability of emotional consequences if a victim is exposed to economic consequences, if the offender is known to the victim, and if the victim identifies as Black African. Sex and type of incident (hate crimes, hate speech, and intentional unfair discrimination) showed no significant relationship with emotional consequences. The results enable greater insight into victim experiences of emotional consequences and motivate prioritising psychosocial health care, targeted interventions, and relevant legislative and policy frameworks for victims and communities affected by hate incidents.

show abstract

“…Empirical studies have shown that victims of bias crime are at risk of developing different forms of negative emotional, psychological and health outcomes as a consequence of their victimization (Iganski, 2008; Iganski and Lagou, 2015; Lehavot and Simoni, 2011; Mellgren et al, 2017). In this study, the participants often described how they had developed various problems as a consequence of living with a stigmatized identity and trying to combat this by using the strategy of concealment.…”

Section: Thematic Analysis Of Interviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visibility and vulnerability: A mixed methodology approach to studying Roma individuals’ victimization experiences

Wallengren

Wigerfelt

et al. 2019

International Review of Victimology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study examines the prevalence and impact of victimization among a sample of Roma individuals in Malmö and Gothenburg (Sweden). The aim of the study was to examine the link between visibility and victimization, and whether the Roma community employs behavioural strategies to reduce visibility, and, finally, to analyse how such strategies affect the group. The study design combines survey data ( n=610) with interviews ( n=30). The findings suggest that visibility is an important risk factor for victimization and that the study participants’ attempt to conceal their ethnicity affects them negatively both at an individual and a community level. The discussion concludes by presenting a number of policy implications.

show abstract

For Whom Does Hate Crime Hurt More? A Comparison of Consequences of Victimization Across Motives and Crime Types

Cited by 23 publications

References 40 publications

Anti-Asian Hate Crime During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Exploring the Reproduction of Inequality

Anti-Asian Hate Crime During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Exploring the Reproduction of Inequality

Emotional consequences of hate incidents: experiences of a South African cohort

Visibility and vulnerability: A mixed methodology approach to studying Roma individuals’ victimization experiences

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About