For Whom the Bell Tolls: The Political Legacy of China's Cultural Revolution

Legacies of Victimization: Evidence from Forced Resettlement in Zimbabwe

“…These negative attitudes persist in the long run as they are passed from older to younger generations through intra-household transmission of political beliefs (Lupu and Peisakhin 2017). The longevity of the social memory of collective punishment and violence can also be observed across other contexts, including across Europe (Cassar et al 2013), in the United States (Acharya et al 2018), in China (Wang 2017), and in Iraq (Blaydes 2018).…”

“…Second, in the long term, scholars describe hardened attitudes against the perpetrators, which may deepen in-and out-group divides (Mironova and Whitt 2018). Within the literature on state-led mass victimization, these effects are clearest in cases with limited change in political leadership-meaning that the violent state remains dominant (Acharya et al 2018;Wang 2017)-and effects run through enduring social memories of collective suffering under state victimization or repression (Lupu and Peisakhin 2017;Rozenas et al 2017).…”

Historically Rice-Farming Societies Have Tighter Social Norms in China and Worldwide

“…Furthermore, the Qing Dynasty expanded so far that the old border of the Great Wall was no longer significant. Meanwhile, internal rebellions were common-and devastating (40). For example, the Taiping Rebellion is estimated to have killed 10-30 million people.…”

The Geography of Repression and Support for Democracy: Evidence From the Pinochet Dictatorship

“…As expected, exposure to repression generates fear and leads to a reduction in reported measures of dissent in the short run (Garcia-Ponce and Pasquale, 2015; Young, 2018). In the long run, survey responses reveal heterogeneous e↵ects of exposure to repression depending again on various characteristics (Balcells, 2012;Bautista, 2014a,b;Wang, 2018). Only a small set of studies have moved beyond survey data and have documented long-run e↵ects of exposure to repression on political participation and election outcomes (Lupu and Peisakhin, 2017;Rozenas et al, 2017;Zhukov and Talibova, 2018).…”