Forage Brassicas Stockpiled for Fall Grazing: Yield and Nutritive Value

Villalobos, Luis; Brummer, Joe E.

doi:10.2134/cftm2015.0165

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The digestibility of late summer-planted oats and brassicas in this study was quite high (89 and 83% IVOMD with 19 and 26% ADF for yr 1 and 2, respectively) and the CP content, although variable, was also high, ranging from 25% in yr 1 to 16% in yr 2. These values are consistent with previously observed values for summer-planted oats and brassicas (Koch et al, 2002;Villalobos and Brummer, 2015;Coblentz and Cavadini, 2016). The ADG of steers grazing CCROP in the present study ranged from 1.15 kg/d in yr 1 to 0.49 kg/d in yr 2.…”

Section: Expected Grazing Performancesupporting

confidence: 93%

“…When corn silage is harvested in late summer, coolseason grasses and brassicas can be planted afterwards to provide fall/winter grazing. Late summer-planted oats and brassicas are highly digestible (Villalobos and Brummer, 2015;Coblentz and Cavadini, 2016), but little information regarding calf performance when grazing this resource is available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The effects of backgrounding system on growing and finishing performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers1

Cox-O'Neill

Hales

Ulmer

et al. 2017

Journal of Animal Science

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The objective of this 2-yr study was to evaluate growing and finishing performance as well as carcass characteristics of spring-born steers backgrounded on 3 different systems, using feedstuffs readily available in the Midwest: 1) grazing corn residue and being supplemented with dried distillers plus solubles at 2.68 kg DM/steer 6 d/wk (RESIDUE), 2) grazing a late summer-planted oat-brassica forage mix (CCROP), or 3) being fed a corn silage-based diet in a drylot (DRYLOT). Steers ( = 715) were stratified by BW (278 kg ± 23 in yr 1 and 291 kg ± 91 in yr 2) and assigned to treatment and replicate (4 replications per treatment per yr). Steers assigned to DRYLOT were fed a corn silage-based diet for 54 d in yr 1 and 52 d in yr 2 before being transitioned to the finishing diet. Steers assigned to RESIDUE and those assigned to CCROP grazed 65 d in yr 1 and 66 d in yr 2 and then were fed a corn silage-based diet for 21 d in yr 1 and 33 d in yr 2 before being transitioned to the finishing diet. During backgrounding, the ADG (SEM 0.022) of steers assigned to DRYLOT (1.48 kg/d) was greater ( < 0.01) than that of steers assigned to both CCROP (1.05 kg/d) and RESIDUE (0.87 kg/d) and ADG of steers assigned to CCROP was greater ( < 0.01) than that of steers assigned to RESIDUE. At the start of the finishing period, BW of steers assigned to CCROP (381 kg) was greater ( < 0.01, SEM 2.5) than that of steers assigned to DRYLOT (361 kg) and RESIDUE (366 kg). The finishing period lasted 160 d for all treatments. Both 12th-rib fat ( = 0.89) and calculated yield grade ( = 0.39) did not differ among treatments. Finishing G:F of steers assigned to DRYLOT (0.162 kg/kg) was greater ( < 0.01, SEM 0.0015) than that of steers assigned to RESIDUE (0.153 kg/kg) and CCROP (0.153 kg/kg), which did not differ ( = 0.79). In yr 1, HCW of steers assigned to CCROP (402 kg) was greater ( < 0.01, SEM 2.1) than that of steers assigned to both RESIDUE (389 kg) and DRYLOT (391 kg), which did not differ ( = 0.40). This difference in HCW is most likely a result of differences in BW at the start of the finishing phase in yr 1. However in yr 2, HCW of steers assigned to CCROP (400 kg) and RESIDUE (397 kg) did not differ ( = 0.26, SEM 2.1) but were greater ( < 0.01) than that of steers assigned to DRYLOT (367 kg), despite the fact that steers assigned to RESIDUE entered the finishing phase at a lighter BW than steers assigned to CCROP. Marbling was greater ( = 0.01, SEM 3.9) for steers assigned to DRYLOT (429) than for steers assigned to RESIDUE (414), although steers assigned to CCROP (424) were not different ( ≥ 0.10) from steers assigned to DRYLOT or RESIDUE. When cost and price scenarios from the last 5 yr were conducted, no treatment appeared to be consistently superior in terms of cost of gain or net return. Therefore, all 3 systems appear to be viable options for producers.

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Section: Expected Grazing Performancesupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of backgrounding system on growing and finishing performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers1

Cox-O'Neill

Hales

Ulmer

et al. 2017

Journal of Animal Science

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“…The digestibility of oats was less in Year 2 than Year 1 (69 vs. 80% IVOMD, respectively) when the forage was planted earlier in the summer, but digestibility of radish and turnip tops (85–87% IVOMD) did not differ (P ≥ 0.25) between years within species. A decrease in oat forage digestibility due to increased maturity in the fall has been observed by others (Coblentz and Walgenbach, 2010b) as has the lack of decrease in digestibly with maturity in brassicas (Villalobos and Brummer, 2015).…”

Section: Forage Qualitymentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Mid‐ to late‐summer‐planted, winter‐sensitive small grains and brassicas have been shown to be highly digestible (65 to 90% in vitro true digestibility) and have moderate crude protein (15 to 20% crude protein) content in early fall (Coblentz and Walgenbach, 2010b; Villalobos and Brummer, 2015; Villalobos and Brummer, 2017). Compared with spring‐planted oats, oats grown during the fall have been observed to have greater digestibility and contain more water‐soluble carbohydrates (Coblentz and Walgenbach, 2010a).…”

Section: Useful Conversionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritive Value Change during the Fall of Late-Summer-Planted Oats, Radishes, and Turnips

Lenz

Cox-O'Neill

Hales

et al. 2019

Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management

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Core Ideas• Nutritive value of late-summer-planted oats, radishes, and turnips is high in early fall.• Oats, radishes, and turnips maintain a high nutritive value through early winter.• Brassicas remain high in sulfur through the fall with potential for toxicity. AbstractThe change in nutritive value of late-summer-planted oats (Avena sativa L.) and brassicas (Brassica spp.) during the fall in the Midwestern US is not well documented. A mixture of 'Jerry' oats, 'daikon' oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and 'purple top' turnip (Brassica rapa ssp. rapa L.) was drill-seeded in late August/early September in southcentral Nebraska over two years. Forage was collected in early November, early December, and mid-January. The mean in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) of radish (86%) and turnip (87%) tops were high and were greater than oats (75%). Within forage type, IVOMD did not decline from November to December, but due to a decline in total ethanol soluble carbohydrates in January, IVOMD decreased 10 percentage units for oats and 5 percentage units for brassica tops from December to January. However, these forages would still be considered high energy even in January. In both years, crude protein (CP) of all forages was high, with oats (16% CP) being less than both radish (27%) and turnip (24%) tops. Little change in CP occurred over the sampling period. Sulfur content of the brassicas was high in November (0.8-0.9% S) and remained above 0.5% S through January, suggesting that the potential for sulfur toxicity, if grazed alone, persists. Delayed grazing of these cool-season forage mixtures late into the fall and early winter is an option for cattle producers in the Midwestern US, as nutritive value remains appropriate for growing cattle or lactating beef cows.

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“…Although there can be significant differences in yield and nutritive content among brassica species when grown in the summer, differences when grown in the fall appear to be much less (Gaillard and Allison, 1988). The yield of turnips (four cultivars), rapeseed (three cultivars), and radish (one cultivar) when planted in mid-August in Northeastern Colorado did not differ, ranging from 2,576 to 3,685 kg/ha (Villalobos and Brummer, 2015). The NDF, CP, and IVDMD varied among cultivars but all had low NDF concentrations (19% to 23%), high CP concentrations (19.3% to 25.5%), and very high digestibility (85% to 93% IVDMD) (Villalobos and Brummer, 2015).…”

Section: Fall and Winter Grazingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Forages and pastures symposium: cover crops in livestock production: whole-system approach. Can cover crops pull double duty: conservation and profitable forage production in the Midwestern United States?

Drewnoski

Parsons

Blanco

et al. 2018

Journal of Animal Science

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Data from a recent survey suggest that the major reasons Nebraska farmers plant cover crops are to improve soil organic matter, reduce erosion, improve soil water holding capacity, produce forage, and increase soil microbial biomass. Many of these benefits appear to be positively correlated with production of above-ground biomass. Thus, selecting species that will produce the greatest biomass should be beneficial for both soil conservation and forage production. Furthermore, the limited data available suggest that grazing of cover crops does not have large negative crop production, soil, or environmental impact. In the Midwestern United States, the production window following wheat harvest, male row destruction in seed corn, and to a lesser extent following corn silage harvest is long enough to produce 2,500 to 4,500 kg DM per hectare of high-nutritive value, fall forage. In the past 4 yr, we have conducted eight trials using predominantly oats and brassicas planted in mid- to late-August. Forage nutritive value of oats and brassicas is extremely high in early November (70% to 80% IVDMD; 14% to 23% CP) and remains high through December with only a 4% to 7% unit decrease in IVDMD and no change in CP concentration. Thus, it appears that delayed grazing could be an option to maximize potential forage yield. Fall-weaned calves (200 to 290 kg BW) grazing oats with or without brassicas in November and December (48 to 64 d) at stocking rates of 2.5 to 4.0 calves per hectare have ADG between 0.60 and 1.10 kg. The cost of gain has ranged from $0.53 to $2.08/kg when accounting for seed costs plus establishment ($60 to 117/ha), N plus application ($0 to 58/ha), fencing ($11/ha) and yardage ($0.10 calf-1 d-1). Although soybeans and corn harvested for grain do not provide a large enough growing window to accomplish fall grazing, similar dual purpose cover crop practices are often accomplished by planting winter-hardy small grain cereal grasses, such as cereal rye or winter triticale in the fall and grazing in the spring. However, traditional planting dates for corn and soybean result in a 30 to 45 d grazing period prior to corn and a 45 to 60 d period prior to soybean planting. Planting cover crops to provide late fall or early spring grazing has potential. However, incorporating forage production from cover crops into current cropping systems greatly increases the need for timeliness of management since the window of opportunity for forage production is quite narrow.

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Forage Brassicas Stockpiled for Fall Grazing: Yield and Nutritive Value

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

The effects of backgrounding system on growing and finishing performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers1

The effects of backgrounding system on growing and finishing performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers1

Nutritive Value Change during the Fall of Late-Summer-Planted Oats, Radishes, and Turnips

Forages and pastures symposium: cover crops in livestock production: whole-system approach. Can cover crops pull double duty: conservation and profitable forage production in the Midwestern United States?

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