Forage Radish Cover Crops Increase Soil Test Phosphorus Surrounding Radish Taproot Holes

White, Charles M.; Weil, Ray R.

doi:10.2136/sssaj2010.0095

Cited by 46 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…All of these values are below the range of P concentrations in the cover crop shoot biomass sampled in the current study. This is of interest, as a related forage radish, with similar P content, was found to increase P availability in a winter cover cropped system, though this might have been limited to the rooting zone (White and Weil, 2011). Similarly, winter rye was found to increase biomass and P uptake of a subsequent crop of soybean (Karasawa and Takahashi, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Potential for Nitrogen Loss in Cover Crop–Soybean Relay Systems in a Cold Climate

et al. 2019

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Winter cover crops might reduce nutrient loss to leaching in the Upper Midwest. New oilseed‐bearing cash cover crops, such as winter camelina (Camelina sativa L.) and pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.), may provide needed incentives. However, the abilities of these crops to sequester labile soil nutrients are unknown. To address this unknown, N in shoot biomass, plant‐available N and P in soil, and NO3−–N and soluble reactive P in soil water collected from lysimeters placed at 30, 60, and 100 cm were measured in cover crop and fallow treatments established in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) stubble and followed through a cover crop–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation. Five no‐till cover treatments (forage radish [Raphanus sativus L.], winter rye [Secale cereale L.], field pennycress, and winter camelina) were compared with two fallow treatments (chisel till and no‐till). Pennycress and winter camelina were harvested at maturity after relay sowing of soybean. Winter rye and radish sequestered more N in autumn shoot biomass, ranging from 26 to 38 kg N ha−1, but overwintering oilseeds matched or exceeded N uptake in spring, ranging 28 to 49 kg N ha−1 before soybean planting. Nitrogen uptake was reflected by reductions in soil water NO3−–N during cover crop and intercropping phases for all cover treatments (mean = 4 mg L−1), compared with fallow treatments (mean = 31 mg L−1). Cash cover crops like pennycress and winter camelina provide both environmental and potential economic resources to growers. They are cash‐generating crops able to sequester labile soil nutrients, which protects and promotes soil health from autumn through early summer. Core Ideas Alternative, easily established winter‐surviving covers are needed in the Upper Midwest. Cover crops sequestered N and reduced soil and soil water NO3−–N in autumn compared with fallow. Winter oilseed crops reduced soil water NO3−–N in autumn through soybean planting. Novel winter oilseeds provide environmental and economic incentives to enhance adoption.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Potential for Nitrogen Loss in Cover Crop–Soybean Relay Systems in a Cold Climate

et al. 2019

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“…These results are higher than what is found in literature most likely due to higher plant development thanks to the favorable growing conditions. White and Weil (2011) observed that root biomass of daikon radish was around 1 t ha −1 and root P uptake ranged from 3.6 to 7 kg ha −1 . On average, the other species accumulated about 23, 3 and 10 kg ha −1 of N, P and K in their roots.…”

Section: Influence Of Plant Traits On Nutrient Uptakementioning

confidence: 96%

Influence of root and leaf traits on the uptake of nutrients in cover crops

et al. 2016

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Aims Cover crops play an important role in soil fertility as they can accumulate large amounts of nutrients. This study aimed at understanding the nutrient uptake capacity of a wide range of cover crops and at assessing the relevance of acquisition strategies. Methods A field experiment was conducted to characterize 20 species in terms of leaf and root traits. Plant traits were related to nutrient concentration and shoot biomass production with a redundancy analysis. Acquisition strategies were identified using a cluster analysis. Results Root systems varied greatly among cover crop species. Five nutrient acquisition strategies were delineated. Significant amounts of nutrients (about 120 kg ha −1 of nitrogen, 30 kg ha −1 of phosphorus and 190 kg ha −1 of potassium) were accumulated by the species in a short period. Nutrient acquisition strategies related to high accumulations of nutrients consisted in either high shoot biomass and root mass and dense tissues, or high nutrient concentrations and root length densities. Species with high root length densities showed lower C/N ratios.Conclusions The same amounts of nutrients were accumulated by groups with different acquisition strategies. However, their nutrient concentrations offer different perspectives in terms of nutrient release for the subsequent crop and nutrient cycling improvement.

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“…Cover crops are known to concentrate P in aboveground biomass prior to cell lysis (Ulen 1997). Radish (Raphanus sativus) cover crops have been shown to concentrate surface soil P within 3 cm (1.2 in) of the senesced radish plants (White and Weil 2011). Winter cover has been shown to increase SP loads more than 200% and TP 160% compared to no winter cover (Liu et al 2014).…”

Section: Runoffmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus fertilization, soil stratification, and potential water quality impacts

Smith¹,

Huang²,

Haney³

2017

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

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Water quality experts have suggested that no-till induces phosphorus (P) stratification, which may exacerbate soluble P (SP) runoff from agricultural fields, contributing to eutrophication. Conservationists have been concerned about increased SP loading to Lake Erie, which has been partially blamed on adoption of no-till and the concomitant P stratification of no-till soils. This study was conducted to provide better insight into the potential link between P stratification from no-till soils and P losses via runoff with the objective of exploring P fertilization strategies on P stratification and P runoff from a corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation. Plots were established with nine treatments, including unfertilized, diammonium phosphate (DAP) applications, monoammonium phosphate (MAP) applications, surface applied, injecting fertilizer or tilling fertilizer in, and the use of cover crops. Fertilizer applications were made at 24.4 kg P ha -1 (21.8 lb P ac -1) every other year or at 9.6 kg P ha -1 (8.7 lb P ac -1 ) every year. Disking, which was intended to minimize P stratification, resulted in the greatest stratification, with significantly higher water SP and Mehlich 3 P in the 0 to 5 cm (0 to 2 in) soil layer compared to the other treatments. There were no differences in SP or total P (TP) runoff from rainfall simulations between fertilizer source (MAP versus DAP) or fertilizer rate (annual versus biennial). The highest SP concentrations observed were from DAP applied to cover crops at the high application rate (24.4 kg P ha -1 applied every other year). This may suggest cover crops are not the ideal practice to decrease SP losses from agricultural fields. Incorporation of fertilizer reduced SP but increased erosion and could potentially increase TP loss. Injecting liquid fertilizer (polyphosphate [Poly]) at the time of planting resulted in lower SP and TP loads than surface applied fertilizers. We encourage other researchers to confirm these results at the field-to-watershed scale to ensure there are not unintended consequences of adopting this fertilization strategy. Further, fertilizer dealers, crop consultants, and farmers should be encouraged to consider liquid fertilizer applications as one option to minimize P losses. Key words: cover crops-fertilizer management-phosphorus stratification-runoffIn the 1990s, Lake Erie was held up as a success story for the Clean Water Act, as the total phosphorus (TP) load had declined below an 11,000 Mg (12,100 tn) loading target due in large part to P reductions from point sources as well as from nonpoint sources through improved management of agricultural lands (Richards and Baker 1993). However, in recent years P losses from agricultural fields in the Western Lake Erie Basin (WLEB) have been identified as a primary contributor to resurgent harmful and nuisance algal blooms (HNABs) in Lake Erie (Chaffin et al. 2011). While there has not been any significant change in TP loading since the mid-1990s, there has been an increase in soluble P (S...

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Forage Radish Cover Crops Increase Soil Test Phosphorus Surrounding Radish Taproot Holes

Cited by 46 publications

References 34 publications

Reduced Potential for Nitrogen Loss in Cover Crop–Soybean Relay Systems in a Cold Climate

Reduced Potential for Nitrogen Loss in Cover Crop–Soybean Relay Systems in a Cold Climate

Influence of root and leaf traits on the uptake of nutrients in cover crops

Phosphorus fertilization, soil stratification, and potential water quality impacts

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