Forage yield, water- and solar radiation-productivities of perennial pastures and annual crops sequences in the south-eastern Pampas of Argentina

Ojeda, Jonathan J.; Caviglia, Octavio Pedro; Agnusdei, M. G.; Errecart, Pedro Manuel

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2018.02.010

Cited by 35 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…At individual leaf level, increases in N concentration increase photosynthesis at saturating light intensity, but at lower light intensities, such as the ones that most leaves of a closed canopy are exposed to, photosynthesis changes very little (Gastal & Durand, 2000). This is possibly one reason why there were no RUE differences in the fertilized treatment in agreement with experiments with tall fescue and alfalfa in the Southern Pampas (Ojeda et al., 2018). In addition, nutrient addition in our experiment was mild, as an attempt to mimic fertility differences that may occur among fields subjected to different natural fertility or management.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…APAR is the product of incident photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and canopy fractional absorption (fAPAR), which depends on leaf area and canopy structure. FP may respond to stress or management through changes of fAPAR, RUE or both (Bondeau, Kicklighter, & Kaduk, 1999; Ojeda, Caviglia, Agnusdei, & Errecart, 2018; Russell, Jarvis, & Monteith, 1989). Changes of fAPAR may be readily monitored by vegetation indices derived from satellite images (Glenn, Huete, Nagler, & Nelson, 2008; Running et al., 2004; Running, Thornton, Nemani, & Glassy, 2000; Sinclair & Muchow, 1999), whereas estimating changes of RUE is more elusive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability of radiation use efficiency in mixed pastures under varying resource availability, defoliation and time scale

Grigera

Oesterheld

2020

Grassland Science

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Forage productivity is the product between incident radiation, the fraction of radiation absorbed by the canopy (fAPAR) and radiation use efficiency (RUE). The extent to which forage productivity may be estimated through remote sensing depends on the relative effects of stress and defoliation on fAPAR and RUE. In a mixed pasture, we determined the relative impact of resource availability and defoliation on forage productivity, fAPAR and RUE, and we evaluated the impact of time scale on fAPAR and RUE under stress conditions. We conducted a one‐year experiment in a temperate‐mixed pasture subjected to different resource availability treatments and defoliation management. We measured RUE and fAPAR with different temporal windows. RUE was less responsive than fAPAR to changes in resource availability and defoliation intensity. However, RUE slightly decreased under water stress and increased under severe defoliation. Additionally, RUE variability during regrowth and among treatments depended on the temporal scale of observation: RUE was more variable for 12‐day periods than 45‐ or 90‐day periods. Our results reinforce the value of fAPAR as an explanatory variable of the variations in forage productivity due to changes in resource availability and management. In addition, the temporal scale of observation affects RUE variability. Thus, most variations of forage productivity may be captured by monitoring systems based on remote sensing of fAPAR provided that the time scale is coarse enough. However, the contrasting response of RUE and fAPAR to defoliation indicates a potential weakness of such a system when situations with contrasting defoliation regime are compared.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of radiation use efficiency in mixed pastures under varying resource availability, defoliation and time scale

Grigera

Oesterheld

2020

Grassland Science

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“…In the United States, Wortman et al (2012) reported that a 6-species mixture seemed to be the most promising out of the 2-, 4-, 6-and 8-species mixtures evaluated. Diversity-productivity theory suggests that increased productivity associated with species diversity is due to more efficient resource use (Ojeda et al 2018a;Tilman 1999;Trenbath 1974).…”

Section: Forage Dry Matter (Dm) Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, annual cover crops are sown as monocultures within annual crop rotations to protect soil from erosion or give other agroecosystem services such as building soil fertility and organic matter, retaining nutrients, or suppressing weeds during periods when cash crops are not actively growing (Smith et al 2011;Snapp et al 2005;Teasdale 1996). Forage production from cereal-legume intercrops have been widely reported in western Canada and elsewhere (Gill and Omokanye 2018;Ojeda et al 2018a;Strydhorst et al 2008;Aasen et al 2004;Carr et al 2004). In northern Alberta, the latest trend among beef cattle producers is growing a multispecies annual crop mixture for forage production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forage production, economic performance indicators and beef cattle nutritional suitability of multispecies annual crop mixtures in northwestern Alberta, Canada

Omokanye¹,

Lardner

Sreekumar³

et al. 2019

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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A 2-year field study compared annual crop mixtures and monoculture cereal crops (controls) for forage yield and quality value for beef cattle production. Each of the mixtures consisted of 2 to 9 crop species. The cropping treatments investigated significantly influenced (P < 0.05) forage dry matter (DM) yield, quality and economic performance parameters. Forage DM yield was up to 9.25 t/ha for the mixtures compared to 7.72 t/ha for the control crops. Forage yield advantage from mixtures was up to 50% over controls. Forage crude protein (CP) was >13.0% for most mixtures, while CP for controls was ≤12.0%. All mixtures and controls mostly exceeded the suggested required levels of K, Mg, Na, S, Fe and Zn for beef cattle. The four top ranked mixtures in terms of marginal returns and benefit/cost ratio were mixtures #4, 8, 10 and 12 in that order. Study results demonstrated that growing a minimum of 3 annual crops, rather than 1 or 2 crops, increased forage production and offered a forage-based diet that, which in most cases, was able to adequately meet the nutritional requirements of beef cattle. The mixture with the highest forage yield consisted of crops from 3 different species categories: Poaceae, Leguminosae and Brassicaceae. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…Means are the average of four replicates. Caviglia, et al Field Crops Research 235 (2019) 129-141 Van Opstal et al, 2011;Andrade et al, 2015;Ojeda et al, 2018), it has not been yet used to assess the effect of EI concepts on accumulated grain yield and resource productivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving resource productivity at a crop sequence level

Caviglia

Rizzalli

Monzón

et al. 2019

Field Crops Research

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The challenge to increase agricultural production with a minimum environmental impact requires to reach the maximum efficiency in the capture and use of resources such as photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), water, and nitrogen (N). Such requisites are encompassed in the ecological intensification (EI) concept. The aims of this work were to evaluate at a crop sequence level: i) crops yields, ii) water and radiation productivity and its components, i.e. resource capture and resource use efficiency, and iii) partial factor productivity of applied N (PFPN), partial nutrient balance for N (PNB), N uptake and N utilization efficiency of a two-year, three-crop sequence (wheat [Triticum aestivum L.]/soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] double crop-maize [Zea mays L.]) carried-out under EI principles in comparison with the same crop sequence under current farmer practices (FP) in two contrasting locations of the Argentinean Pampas, i.e. Paraná (-31°50′;-60°31′) at the northern Pampas and Balcarce (-37°45′,-58°18′) at the southern Pampas. Experiments were carried-out during four consecutive years, covering two complete cycles of the crop sequence. For the accumulated grain production of the crop sequence, EI management outyielded FP from 13 to 42%, depending on environmental conditions. Maize yield accounted for most of the variation (41-64%) of the accumulated grain yield of crop sequence, whether in EI as in FP. Average grain yield differences between EI and FP treatments were 274 g m −2 for maize, 69 g m −2 for wheat and-2 g m −2 for soybean. Water and radiation productivities of the sequence were higher in EI than in FP (26% for water and 17% for radiation; P < 0.0001), mainly because of increases in resource use efficiencies. EI reduced partial factor productivity of applied N, but improved partial nutrient balance for N as compared with FP. These reductions in partial factor productivity of applied N were less than proportional than the increases in N rate. Moreover, in spite of the higher N rate in EI respect to FP, N utilization efficiency (N ut E), i.e. grain per unit N uptake, was higher across all situations in EI. Our results showed that the challenge to obtain high grain yields by increasing N rate in a medium-input system could be achieved even with an increase in N ut E. Grain yields improvements, and increases in radiation and water productivity were reached by applying a set of agronomic practices that included improved genetics, crop and fertilizer N management englobed under EI concept. Andrade, 2016; Cassman, 2017). Such requisites are encompassed in the ecological intensification (EI) concept defined by Cassman (1999, 2017). Decisions on agronomical practices based on EI concepts are oriented to closing the gap between water limited yield potential (Y w) and actual yield and improving natural resource and input productivities using a field-specific management according to Cassman (2017). Improving resource and input productivity is a key step towards sustainable intensification.

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Forage yield, water- and solar radiation-productivities of perennial pastures and annual crops sequences in the south-eastern Pampas of Argentina

Cited by 35 publications

References 73 publications

Variability of radiation use efficiency in mixed pastures under varying resource availability, defoliation and time scale

Variability of radiation use efficiency in mixed pastures under varying resource availability, defoliation and time scale

Forage production, economic performance indicators and beef cattle nutritional suitability of multispecies annual crop mixtures in northwestern Alberta, Canada

Improving resource productivity at a crop sequence level

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