Foraminiferal selectivity towards bacteria: an experimental approach using a cell-permeant stain

Langezaal, A.M.; Jannink, N.T.; Pierson, Elisabeth S.; Zwaan, G.J. van der

doi:10.1016/j.seares.2005.06.004

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Lee et al (1966) observed that smaller (~150 to 200 µm) specimens of Allogromia laticollaris ingested more food than larger (350 to 400 µm) ones. Similar size-dependent ingestion of bacteria was observed for the same species, although the numbers of samples were limited (Langezaal et al 2005). This suggests that larger specimens tend to have a slower turnover rate than smaller ones.…”

supporting

confidence: 62%

“…The in situ experiments were carried out for 9 d. The 9 d interval may be sufficient to induce indirect Some benthic foraminiferal species are known to utilize bacterial carbon under experimental conditions (Lee et al 1966, Bernhard & Bowser 1992, Langezaal et al 2005. However, the contributions of bacterial carbon to the total carbon requirements of foraminifera are generally low based on direct evaluation in labeling experiments (Nomaki et al 2006, van Oevelen et al 2006b, Pascal et al 2008.…”

Section: Via Microbial Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differing utilization of glucose and algal particulate organic matter by deep-sea benthic organisms of Sagami Bay, Japan

Nomaki¹,

Ogawa²,

Takano³

et al. 2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The fate of particulate and dissolved organic carbon in deep-sea benthic organisms was evaluated by in situ 13 C-labeling experiments in the central part of Sagami Bay, Japan (water depth: 1453 m). 13C-labeled glucose and Chlorella sp. (Chlorophyta) were injected into a series of in situ culture cores and incubated for 0 to 9 d. Glucose was chosen as an example of labile dissolved organic matter in the pore water, and Chlorella sp. as an example of fresh algal material. Incorporation of both carbon sources by benthic foraminifera and metazoans was determined based on enrichment in 13 C of their bulk tissues. Archaeal incorporations were also evaluated by examining 13 C-labeled lipid biomarkers. Chlorella sp. incorporation by foraminiferal species ranged from 0.0 to 40% of their biomass. Foraminiferal ingestion of algal materials varied markedly among the same species depending on body size or individual differences. All species incorporated glucose to similar extents, ranging from 0.1 to 0.3% of their biomass. Many foraminiferal species incorporated glucose faster than Chlorella sp. After 9 d of in situ incubation, 26.4, 1.7, 0.1, and 3.8% of added Chlorella sp. was detected in the bulk sediment, foraminiferal biomass, examined metazoan biomass, and respired CO 2 , respectively. The figures for glucose were 5.3, 0.04, 0.00, and 4.6%, respectively. Labile dissolved organic matter may serve as an accessible food source for benthic organisms and is quickly mineralized on the deep seafloor.KEY WORDS: Benthic foraminifera · Dissolved organic matter · Particulate organic matter · Benthic ecosystem · Carbon budget · In situ tracer experiment Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 431: [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] 2011 thic foraminiferal feeding habits are therefore crucial to understand benthic food webs and resultant biogeochemical cycles on the seafloor.Among the complex food webs on the seafloor, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) produced in situ is assumed to play important roles in addition to phytodetritus. For some benthic organisms, DOC may be an accessible form of nourishment, since the DOC concentration is abundant in pore water relative to overlying water (Burdige 2002). Two agglutinated foraminiferal species from Antarctic shallow water utilize dissolved amino acids directly (DeLaca et al. 1981, DeLaca 1982. The latter 2 studies suggested that foraminifera adapt to highly seasonal oligotrophic environments by utilizing DOC. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is the largest pool of organic matter in the ocean (Libes 2009). The concentration of DOC in sedimentary pore water is generally higher than that in the overlying seawater by values up to an order of magnitude, although most DOC is presumably refractory (Burdige 2002). This implies that some of the labile molecular components of the DOC could be possible carbon sources for deep-sea foraminiferal species.The uptake of DOC by a number of benthic taxonomic groups, in...

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supporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Via Microbial Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differing utilization of glucose and algal particulate organic matter by deep-sea benthic organisms of Sagami Bay, Japan

Nomaki¹,

Ogawa²,

Takano³

et al. 2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…2A-C in Pawlowski & Majewski, 2011), which may serve to bring the aperture into contact with the sediment and potential food sources. Since bacteria constitute a large part of the food of many foraminifera (Lee, 1980;Langezaal et al, 2005), these authors suggest that sediment uptake in the form of mineral grain ingestion allows microbiota to adhere to sediment particles. 7 in Ballero et al, 2013).…”

Section: Advantage Of Selective Mineral Inclusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective zircon accumulation in a new benthic foraminifer, Psammophaga zirconia, sp. nov.

et al. 2016

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Benthic foraminifera are single-celled eukaryotes that make a protective organic, agglutinated or calcareous test. Some agglutinated, single-chambered taxa, including Psammophaga Arnold, 1982, retain mineral particles in their cytoplasm, but the selective mechanism of accumulation is not clear. Here, we report the ability of a foraminiferal species to select and accumulate zircons and other heavy minerals in their cytoplasm. In particular, the use of Scanning Electron Microscope coupled with an Energy Dispersive X-ray microanalysis system (SEM-EDS) enabled a representative overview of the mineral diversity and showed that the analysed Psammophaga zirconia sp. nov. individuals contained dominantly crystals of zircon (51%), titanium oxides (27%), and ilmenite (11%) along with minor magnetite and other minerals. The studied specimens occur in the shallow central Adriatic Sea where the sediment has a content of zircon below 1% and of other heavy minerals below 4%. For that reason we hypothesize that: (i) P. zirconia may be able to chemically select minerals, specifically zircon and rutile; (ii) the chemical mechanism allowing the selection is based on electrostatic interaction, and it could work also for agglutinated foraminifera (whether for ingestion, like Xenophyophores, or incorporation in the test as in many other described taxa). In particular, this aptitude for high preferential uptake and differential ingestion or retention of zircon is reported here for the first time, together with the selection of other heavy minerals already described in members of the genus Psammophaga. They are generally counted among early foraminifera, constructing a morphologically simple test with a single chamber. Our molecular phylogenetic study confirms that P. zirconia is a new species, genetically distinctive from other Psammophaga, and occurs in the Adriatic as well as in the Black Sea.

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“…This approach was similar to that already used for measuring the uptake rates of fluorescent bacteria by foraminifera (Langezaal et al, 2005). Then, we estimated the fluorescence emission as the level of brightness of each picture by constructing a scale of fluorescence (Fig.…”

Section: Fish: Protocol and Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical Note: Determination of the metabolically active fraction of benthic foraminifera by means of Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH)

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Benthic foraminifera are an important component of the marine biota, but protocols for investigating their viability and metabolism are still extremely limited. Classical studies on benthic foraminifera have been based on direct counting under light microscopy. Typically, these organisms are stained with Rose Bengal, which binds proteins and other macromolecules, but does not allow discrimination between viable and recently dead organisms. The fluorescent in situ hybridization technique (FISH) represents a new and useful approach to identify living cells possessing an active metabolism. Our work is the first test of the suitability of the FISH technique, based on fluorescent probes targeting the 18S rRNA, to detect live benthic foraminifera. The protocol was applied on Ammonia group and Miliolids, as well as on agglutinated polythalamous (i.e., Leptohalysis scottii and Eggerella scabra) and soft-shelled monothalamous (i.e., Psammophaga sp. and saccamminid morphotypes) taxa. The results from FISH analyses were compared with those obtained, on the same specimens assayed with FISH, from microscopic analysis of the cytoplasm colour, presence of pigments and pseudopodial activity. Our results indicate that FISH targets only metabolically active foraminifera, and allows discerning from low to high cellular activity, validating the hypothesis that the intensity of the fluorescent signal emitted by the probe is dependent upon the physiological status of cells. These findings support the usefulness of this molecular approach as a key tool for obtaining information on the physiology of living foraminifera, both in field and experimental settings.

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Foraminiferal selectivity towards bacteria: an experimental approach using a cell-permeant stain

Cited by 30 publications

References 30 publications

Differing utilization of glucose and algal particulate organic matter by deep-sea benthic organisms of Sagami Bay, Japan

Differing utilization of glucose and algal particulate organic matter by deep-sea benthic organisms of Sagami Bay, Japan

Selective zircon accumulation in a new benthic foraminifer, Psammophaga zirconia, sp. nov.

Technical Note: Determination of the metabolically active fraction of benthic foraminifera by means of Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH)

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Foraminiferal selectivity towards bacteria: an experimental approach using a cell-permeant stain

Cited by 30 publications

References 30 publications

Differing utilization of glucose and algal ­particulate organic matter by deep-sea benthic organisms of Sagami Bay, Japan

Differing utilization of glucose and algal ­particulate organic matter by deep-sea benthic organisms of Sagami Bay, Japan

Selective zircon accumulation in a new benthic foraminifer, Psammophaga zirconia, sp. nov.

Technical Note: Determination of the metabolically active fraction of benthic foraminifera by means of Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH)

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Differing utilization of glucose and algal particulate organic matter by deep-sea benthic organisms of Sagami Bay, Japan

Differing utilization of glucose and algal particulate organic matter by deep-sea benthic organisms of Sagami Bay, Japan