As the newest branch of the U.S. armed services, the U.S. Space Force (USSF) must understand, manage, and report its readiness-its ability to fight and execute operational missions. This project's objective is to recommend a readiness framework for the USSF. Starting with a "blank slate" mandate and a review of the readiness practice of the other services, we studied the current readiness system for the USSF and considered the unique needs of the military space community. We find that the current readiness reporting system does not address the range of USSF needs and has failed to objectively report the readiness of the space forces. We recommend a readiness framework that measures the USSF's ability to keep pace with adversary threats. It proposes three distinct "views" of readiness: (1) given today's resources, (2) against the near-peer threat, and (3) progress in transforming to meet the near-peer threat. We also recommend a transition plan to improve readiness reporting for the USSF.The research reported here was sponsored by the Director of Space and Cyber Operations, Headquarters Space Operations Command, and conducted within the Force Modernization and Employment Program of RAND Project AIR FORCE as part of a fiscal year 2021 project, "Space Force Readiness." It should be of interest to reporters and consumers of readiness information within the USSF and national security community more broadly, those involved with creating and sustaining readiness reporting systems, and those in the military space operations community.