Force probes for development and testing of different electric propulsion systems

Abstract

Diagnostics with force probes in plumes of electric propulsion systems for spacecraft (thrusters) are presented. This contribution focuses on showing example measurements with force probes for the most common gridless ion thruster types. The gridless thrusters are investigated at typical operation modes with a force probe at fixed or variable positions in the plume. The probe measures the force on a tiny plate that is attached to a sensitive cantilever in the plume. The elastic deflection of the cantilever is measured interferometrically and translated into a proportional force. Several variants of the instrument have been developed. A HEMP thruster is investigated with a variant of the force probe that simultaneously measures two components of the force vector. With this vectorial probe, it is possible to determine the force vector acting on the probe target while moving the probe through the thruster plume. A Hall thruster is investigated with a simplified variant of the probe, which measures the force along one axis and is equipped with an additional shutter in front of the target. This allows monitoring over long periods of operation. Finally, a force probe is used as an indirect thrust balance for a FEEP thruster. In this case, the force probe can collect the entire plume.

A retarding field thermal probe for combined plasma diagnostics

“…These include the potential and kinetic energies of the involved particles (electrons, ions, neutrals and possibly precursor radicals) and the energy these particles transfer to a surface as well as the potentials within the plasma and the force the plasma exerts on a surface [1]. Plasma diagnostics such as optical spectrometry [2], mass spectrometry [3], electrical probe diagnostics [4] or sensitive mechanical probes [5] are commonly used to determine critical plasma parameters.…”

Diagnostics for electric propulsion systems

“…tric propulsion systems" by A. Spethmann et al [11]. Finally, in the contribution "In situ erosion measurement tools for electric propulsion thrusters: triangular laser head and telemicroscope" by C. Bundesmann et al [12] a special method for determining the erosion of EP components is investigated and, in the article "An in-flight diagnostic package for spacecraft with electric propulsion" by T. Trottenberg et al [13] a modern diagnostic setup for on-board measurements during EP operation is discussed.…”