Force stability of pore-scale fluid bridges and ganglia in axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric configurations

Niven, Robert K.

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2006.03.015

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…In mechanical equilibrium, the morphology of cylindrically symmetric capillary bridges for sufficiently small θ is described by inner nodoids or unduloids [13,14,18]. Such drops exert attractive forces between the confining solid surfaces [19]. At some geometry-dependent critical contact angle θ c ¼ θ c ðṼ;sÞ (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Stability Limits of Capillary Bridges: How Contact Angle Hysteresis Affects Morphology Transitions of Liquid Microstructures

et al. 2015

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The equilibrium shape of a drop in contact with solid surfaces can undergo continuous or discontinuous transitions upon changes in either drop volume or surface energies. In many instances, such transitions involve the motion of the three-phase contact line and are thus sensitive to contact angle hysteresis. Using a combination of electrowetting-based experiments and numerical calculations, we demonstrate for a generic sphere-plate confinement geometry how contact angle hysteresis affects the mechanical stability of competing axisymmetric and nonaxisymmetric drop conformations and qualitatively changes the character of transitions between them.

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confidence: 99%

“…S4 of the Supplemental Material [17]), cylindrically symmetric morphologies become unstable against nonaxisymmetric perturbations [15,19]. The corresponding critical drop shape is a section of a sphere [19]. For θ > θ c , the drops assume a nonaxisymmetric equilibrium morphology withx 0 > 0.…”

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confidence: 99%

Stability Limits of Capillary Bridges: How Contact Angle Hysteresis Affects Morphology Transitions of Liquid Microstructures

et al. 2015

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“…The solutions we present here can be extended to determine the equilibrium of fluid ganglia or stringers trapped in a solid matrix, enclosed by a different non-mixing fluid. Although such systems have been studied neglecting gravitational effects [20], an analysis considering the weight of the fluid can help determine the residual trapping capacity of a porous medium. It can also be used to characterise deformations of the solid support induced by the surface tension forces from fluid ganglia and any fluid movement that result from this.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approximation along with (29) produces an expression for u 2 , (42). Combination of this expression with (20) gives…”

Section: Solution For Large Liquid Volumes |ψ2| → π/2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximal liquid bridges between horizontal cylinders

2016

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We investigate two-dimensional liquid bridges trapped between pairs of identical horizontal cylinders. The cylinders support forces owing to surface tension and hydrostatic pressure that balance the weight of the liquid. The shape of the liquid bridge is determined by analytically solving the nonlinear Laplace–Young equation. Parameters that maximize the trapping capacity (defined as the cross-sectional area of the liquid bridge) are then determined. The results show that these parameters can be approximated with simple relationships when the radius of the cylinders is small compared with the capillary length. For such small cylinders, liquid bridges with the largest cross-sectional area occur when the centre-to-centre distance between the cylinders is approximately twice the capillary length. The maximum trapping capacity for a pair of cylinders at a given separation is linearly related to the separation when it is small compared with the capillary length. The meniscus slope angle of the largest liquid bridge produced in this regime is also a linear function of the separation. We additionally derive approximate solutions for the profile of a liquid bridge, using the linearized Laplace–Young equation. These solutions analytically verify the above-mentioned relationships obtained for the maximization of the trapping capacity.

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“…Examples of fluids distributed at this scale include irreducible water saturation (the portion of the pore volume occupied by water in a water-wet reservoir at maximum hydrocarbon saturation) and CO2 ganglia (isolated blobs of CO2 occupying only one to several pores formed by detachment from the larger plume body (Niven, 2006)).…”

Section: Fluid Saturation Seismic Wavelength and Geological Heterogementioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic monitoring of CO2 plume growth, evolution and migration in a heterogeneous reservoir: Role, impact and importance of patchy saturation

Eid

Ziolkowski

Naylor

et al. 2015

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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We combine reservoir simulation with 2D synthetic seismic reflection time-lapse data to assess the ability of seismic methods to image plume growth, evolution, and migration within a heterogeneous saline reservoir. The incorporation of reservoir heterogeneity results in a range of saturations due to the tortuous migration around the intra-reservoir baffles. To account for the disruptive nature of the injected CO2, and the uncertainties regarding the fluid saturation distribution, we use two end-member models, uniform and patchy, to generate the widest range of seismic velocity distributions to understand the range of velocity-saturation behaviour which could be encountered. The generated seismic sections show clear differences between the two models while also providing confidence in the ability to detect CO2 plume growth and evolution in the reservoir. A free-phase migrating front of CO2 appears to be difficult to detect, however. The ability to image a front is shown to be dependent not only on the pore-fluid saturation distribution -patchy or uniform -but also on its larger-scale spatial geometry. As the subtle change in amplitude is directly related to the concentration of CO2 within each accumulation, it suggests that the saturation model has important implications for CO2 detectability and for quantifying the volume of CO2 injected into the reservoir.

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Force stability of pore-scale fluid bridges and ganglia in axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric configurations

Cited by 16 publications

References 72 publications

Stability Limits of Capillary Bridges: How Contact Angle Hysteresis Affects Morphology Transitions of Liquid Microstructures

Stability Limits of Capillary Bridges: How Contact Angle Hysteresis Affects Morphology Transitions of Liquid Microstructures

Maximal liquid bridges between horizontal cylinders

Seismic monitoring of CO2 plume growth, evolution and migration in a heterogeneous reservoir: Role, impact and importance of patchy saturation

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