Forced-Air Warming for Rewarming and Comfort Following Laparoscopy: A Randomized Controlled Trail

Abstract

We investigated the efficacy of a forced-air warming (FAW) system on postoperative rewarming and comfort in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. In this randomized controlled trial, a total of 127 participants were randomly divided into the FAW group ( n = 64) and control group ( n = 63). The esophageal temperature was measured every 30 min during surgery, and the tympanic temperature and comfort levels were measured preoperatively and in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). Data analysis used the generalized estimating equation. We found that there was a lower incidence of postoperative hypothermia in the FAW group compared with the control group, as well as a higher body temperature between 30 and 180 min in the PACU, a shorter time for rewarming, and a higher comfort level. Taken together, these results suggest that FAW is an effective rewarming technique for laparoscopic patients during surgery and in the PACU that improves comfort levels.

<p>Nurse-Led Randomized Controlled Trials in the Perioperative Setting: A Scoping Review</p>

“…Thirteen published studies (15% of included studies) had a primary outcome of preventing perioperative hypothermia or temperature monitoring. 35 , 46 , 56 , 74 , 82 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 96 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 104 However, one study was published twice in two different journals. 85 , 87 Active warming (comprising forced air, thermal gown, intravenous (IV) fluid warming or underbody warming) and passive warming strategies (reflective versus cotton blankets or cloths) were tested in various combinations.…”

“…35 , 46 , 56 , 74 , 82 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 96 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 104 However, one study was published twice in two different journals. 85 , 87 Active warming (comprising forced air, thermal gown, intravenous (IV) fluid warming or underbody warming) and passive warming strategies (reflective versus cotton blankets or cloths) were tested in various combinations. All perioperative hypothermia studies were conducted in the adult population, but within different surgical specialities: interventional cardiovascular procedures; 99 gastro-intestinal or thoracic surgery; 85 , 87 obstetrics; 35 , 98 laparoscopic cholecystectomy; 96 colorectal surgery; 56 gynaecology; 104 cardiovascular 74 or multiple specialities.…”

“…Over half of studies involved interventions that were delivered during the preoperative phase of care (n=41, 48%); 13 studies delivered interventions during the intraoperative phase (n = 13, 15%); 24 , 26 , 31 , 43 , 46 , 51 , 74 , 75 , 86 , 92 , 97 , 99 , 101 13 studies (15%) delivered interventions solely in the postoperative phase, 36 , 39 , 44 , 47 , 48 , 60 , 66 , 68 , 73 , 77 , 82 , 90 , 107 Supplementary file 3 ; eight studies (9%) were based on interventions that were delivered during multiple phases of the perioperative pathway. 34 , 35 , 42 , 56 , 61 , 76 , 85 , 96 Almost half of the included studies assessed outcomes at multiple phases of the perioperative pathway (n = 34, 40%), whilst 24 studies (28%) assessed postoperative outcomes extending beyond the immediate PACU phase. 26 , 27 , 34 , 35 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 43 , 45 , 48 , 51 , 55 , 61 , 62 , 64 , 66 , 69 , 73 , 89 , 90 , 92 , ...…”

“…Thirteen published studies (15% of included studies) had a primary outcome of preventing perioperative hypothermia or temperature monitoring. 35,46,56,74,82,85,86,87,96,98,99,100,104…”

The Effectiveness of Four Intervention Methods for Preventing Inadvertent Perioperative Hypothermia During Total Knee or Total Hip Arthroplasty

“…Because prewarming may increase patient comfort [27][28][29][30] and lower preoperative [28][29][30] and postoperative 27 anxiety, nurses can consider these benefits when providing patient care. The incidence of IPH during elective unilateral TKH or THA may be decreased by using convective warming and prewarming.…”