Forced Degradation Study of Monoclonal Antibody Using Two- Dimensional Liquid Chromatography

Rapid two-dimensional Protein-A size exclusion chromatography of monoclonal antibodies for titer and aggregation measurements from harvested cell culture fluid samples

“…For example, cation exchange chromatography (CEX) can be used in the first dimension to obtain information about the charge heterogeneity of the mAb, and then individual charge variants can be analyzed further in the second dimension by SEC to measure aggregation and fragmentation. 21 One combination of separation modes that is particularly attractive for upstream development and continuous processing is ProA affinity and SEC. As a first-dimension separation, ProA purifies the mAb material for analysis by SEC in the second dimension, and provides a titer determination.…”

Stress and Curvature Effects in Layered 2D Ferroelectric CuInP2S6

“…Figure 1 shows band excitation piezoresponse force microscopy (BEPFM) results of the typical ferroelectric domains of a 50 nm thick CIPS flake on Pt/SiO 2 /Si substrate, which are very similar to previous results. 10,32,33 In BEPFM and other PFM measurements in this work, the sample is grounded through Si with silver paint and the driving bias amplitude for PFM is 1 V. Shown in Figure 1a is the topography of the BEPFM measurement area. BEPFM amplitude and phase over the topography (where color represents amplitude and phase signals, and the geometry represents the topography signal) in Figure 1b,c, respectively, show the ferroelectric domain structure in the pristine CIPS flake.…”

Fluorescence Noise Eliminating Fiber-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Simultaneous and Multiprocess Analysis of Intermediate Compositions for C2H2 and H2 Production

“…The excitation light will inevitably react with the HC-ARF glass components to generate spatial fluorescence noise that is circularly distributed around the Raman signal, and it will seriously affect the sensitivity and stability of multiprocess intermediate gas detection. To effectively filter out spatial fluorescence noise, an FNE combining pinhole spatial filtering and CCD digital filtering 20 is proposed and verified by air detection (integration time of 30 s, measured pressure of 1 bar). Figure 2a shows the raw CCD image of the unfiltered air Raman signal, the horizontal spatial fluorescence noise is distributed on the upper and lower ends of the Raman signal on the CCD, and the vertical spatial fluorescence noise is parasitic in the CCD pixel row, where the nitrogen and oxygen Raman signals are located.…”