“…The findings in this paper further contribute to the literature studying the causal e↵ects of economic and political circumstances or natural disasters on social trust, well-being, mental health, (Frijters et al, 2004;Rainer and Siedler, 2009;Algan and Cahuc, 2010;Guriev and Melnikov, 2016;Nunn and Wantchekon, 2011;Bharadwaj et al, 2020) and to the larger literature examining the impact of wars on the health and socioeconomic outcomes of those directly or indirectly a↵ected by conflicts and violence (Goldin, 1991;Acemoglu et al, 2004;Bedard and Deschênes, 2006;Akresh et al, 2012;Bethmann and Kvasnicka, 2013;Kesternich et al, 2014;Lee, 2014;Akbulut-Yuksel, 2017;Singhal, 2019;Korovkin and Makarin, 2023;Bauer et al, 2016;Becker et al, 2020).…”