Forced response of the East Asian summer rainfall over the past millennium: results from a coupled model simulation

Liu, Jian; Wang, Bin; Wang, Hongli; Kuang, Xueyuan; Ti, Ruyuan

doi:10.1007/s00382-009-0693-6

Cited by 60 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Previous studies suggested that the mean climate difference between the MWP and LIA periods might impact on the interannual variability mode, which further modifies the relationship between the mid-latitude (north of 40°N) and the tropical-subtropical precipitation changes over East Asia [34]. However, this phenomenon was not significant in our study, suggesting that it may be model-dependent.…”

Section: Changes Of the Inter-annual Leading Mode Of The Easm Rainfallcontrasting

confidence: 77%

“…The external mode is driven by the external forcing agents, including solar activities and volcanic eruptions, while the internal mode is the result of the interaction of the coupled ocean-atmosphere-land surface-sea ice system [34]. The external mode can be identified by calculating the mean state difference between the MWP and LIA periods.…”

Section: Comparison Of the Internal And External Modes Of East Asian mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparison of the Medieval Warm Period, Little Ice Age and 20th century warming simulated by the FGOALS climate system model

Zhou

Man

et al. 2011

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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To compare differences among the Medieval Warm Period (MWP), Little Ice Age (LIA), and 20th century global warming (20CW), six sets of transient and equilibrium simulations were generated using the climate system model FGOALS_gl. This model was developed by the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The results indicate that MWP warming is evident on a global scale, except for at mid-latitudes of the North Pacific. However, the magnitude of the warming is weaker than that in the 20th century. The warming in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere is stronger than that in the Southern Hemisphere. The LIA cooling is also evident on a global scale, with a strong cooling over the high Eurasian continent, while the cooling center is over the Arctic domain. Both the MWP and the 20CW experiments exhibit the strongest warming anomalies in the middle troposphere around 200-300 hPa, but the cooling center of the LIA experiment is seen in the polar surface of the Northern Hemisphere. A comparison of model simulation against the reconstruction indicates that model's performance in simulating the surface air temperature changes during the warm periods is better than that during the cold periods. The consistencies between model and reconstruction in lower latitudes are better than those in high latitudes. Comparison of the inter-annual variability mode of East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) rainfall during the MWP, LIA and 20CW reveals a similar rainfall anomalies pattern. However, the time spectra of the principal component during the three typical periods of the last millennium are different, and the quasi-biannual oscillation is more evident during the two warm periods. At a centennial time scale, the external mode of the EASM variability driven by the changes of effective solar radiation is determined by the changes of large scale land-sea thermal contrast. The rainfall anomalies over the east of 110°E exhibit a meridional homogeneous change pattern, which is different from the meridional out-of-phase change of rainfall anomalies associated with the internal mode. Medieval Warm

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Section: Changes Of the Inter-annual Leading Mode Of The Easm Rainfallcontrasting

confidence: 77%

Section: Comparison Of the Internal And External Modes Of East Asian mentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of the Medieval Warm Period, Little Ice Age and 20th century warming simulated by the FGOALS climate system model

Zhou

Man

et al. 2011

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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“…The validation of the model performance in simulating modern and past climate variations in China indicates that the ECHO-G model successfully reflects the main temporal and spatial variations of temperature [24,25] and precipitation [27,34] which have occurred in China during the last millennium. We filtered time series with a Lanczos filter, which significantly reduces the effect of the Gibbs oscillation on filter function [35], for diagnostic analysis.…”

Section: Datasetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the first leading mode of IA-ID time scales is similar to the second mode of centennial time scale. Liu et al [27] showed that the variation of extra-tropical and subtropical rainfall also tends to follow the effective solar radiation forcing closely on centennial time scale, and the forced response features are in-phase rainfall variability between the extra-tropics and subtropics when they studied the latitude dependence of monsoon rains. Therefore, the difference between the spatial pattern of the first leading mode of precipitation on centennial time scale and IA-ID time scales is primarily determined by effective solar radiation.…”

Section: Spatial Structures Of Temperature and Precipitation And Theimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulated analysis of summer climate on centennial time scale in eastern China during the last millennium

et al. 2011

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Using Lanczos filtered simulation results from the ECHO-G coupled ocean-atmosphere model, this study analyzes the spatiotemporal structure of temperature and precipitation on centennial time scale to examine how climate change in eastern China responded to external forcing during the last millennium. The conclusions are (1) eastern China experienced a warm-cold-warm climate transition, and the transition from the warm period to the cold period was slower than the cold to warm transition which followed it. There was more rainfall in the warm periods, and the transitional peak and valley of precipitation lag those of temperature. The effective solar radiation and solar irradiance have significant impacts on the temporal variation of both temperature and precipitation. Volcanic activity plays an important role in the sudden drop of temperature before the Present Warm Period (PWP). There is a positive correlation between precipitation and volcanic activity before 1400 A.D., and a negative relationship between the two thereafter. The concentration of greenhouse gases increases in the PWP, and the temperature and precipitation increase accordingly. (2) The spatial pattern of the first leading empirical orthogonal function (EOF) mode of temperature on centennial time scale is consistent with that on the inter-annual/inter-decadal (IA-ID) time scales; namely, the entirety of eastern China is of the same sign. This pattern has good coherence with effective solar radiation and the concentrations of greenhouse gases. The first leading EOF mode of precipitation on centennial time scale is totally different from that on the IA-ID time scales. The first leading mode of centennial time scale changes consistently over the entirety of eastern China, while the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers are the opposite to the rest of eastern China is the leading spatial pattern on IA-ID time scale. The distribution of precipitation on centennial time scale is affected by solar irradiance and greenhouse gas concentrations.

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Weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon at 1000–1100 A.D. within the Medieval Climate Anomaly: Possible linkage to changes in the Indian Ocean‐western Pacific

Liu

Chen

et al. 2014

JGR Atmospheres

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Monsoon droughts, especially on a decadal-to-centennial timescale, may have a profound impact on the populations of East Asia. Previous work has suggested that the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) was synchronously strong across East Asia during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA, 900-1300 A.D.); however, there is a dearth of studies addressing the issue of whether or not the EASM varied significantly during the entire duration of the MCA. Here we present results from a diverse range of proxy paleoclimatic records from the monsoonal and temperate Asian region in order to evaluate the occurrence of such short timescale variability within the MCA. Within the context of an overall strong EASM during the MCA, a weakening of the monsoon was detected in many of the records during the period 1000-1100 A.D. Comparison of the timing of this event with variations of sea surface temperature (SST) of the Indian Ocean-western Pacific and with proxy records of solar activity reveals a significant covariation, suggesting that the driver of the event may have resulted from changes in the Indian Ocean-western Pacific, related to changes in solar activity. To further address the issue of a terrestrial-oceanic linkage, we used the ECHAM and the global Hamburg Ocean Primitive Equation (ECHO-G) coupled climate model to simulate the variation of EASM precipitation over the last millennium. The model results suggest an interval of weak East Asian summer monsoon at 1000-1100 A.D., and they also reveal a significant positive correlation with the SST of the Indian Ocean-western Pacific.

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Forced response of the East Asian summer rainfall over the past millennium: results from a coupled model simulation

Cited by 60 publications

References 32 publications

A comparison of the Medieval Warm Period, Little Ice Age and 20th century warming simulated by the FGOALS climate system model

A comparison of the Medieval Warm Period, Little Ice Age and 20th century warming simulated by the FGOALS climate system model

Simulated analysis of summer climate on centennial time scale in eastern China during the last millennium

Weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon at 1000–1100 A.D. within the Medieval Climate Anomaly: Possible linkage to changes in the Indian Ocean‐western Pacific

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