Forced Smoking Abstinence

Clarke, Jennifer G.; Stein, L. A. R.; Martin, Rosemarie A.; Martin, Stephen A.; Parker, David; Lopes, Carlos Edison; McGovern, Arthur R.; Simon, Rachel E.; Roberts, Mary B.; Friedman, Peter A.; Bock, Beth C.

doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.197

Cited by 97 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…31,48 Inmates who received a cessation intervention were six and a half times more likely to be cotinine confirmed non-smokers at three weeks post-release compared to inmates who were randomized not to receive the intervention. 31 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…29–32,44,48 Intention to quit smoking before release was associated with smoking abstinence following release. 30,31,44 Among inmates who received no cessation support, one small study found that 27 of 44 of inmates (61%) released from a complete indoor/outdoor smoke-free prison remained smoke-free at one month post-release, 44 whereas two larger studies found that 60% of inmates smoked within one day of release. 31,48 Inmates who received a cessation intervention were six and a half times more likely to be cotinine confirmed non-smokers at three weeks post-release compared to inmates who were randomized not to receive the intervention.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smoke-Free Policies in U.S. Prisons and Jails: A Review of the Literature

Kennedy¹,

Davis²,

Thorne³

2014

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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Introduction Despite progress in limiting exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) in the United States, little is known about the impact of smoke-free polices in prisons and jails. SHS exposure in this setting may be great, as smoking prevalence among inmates is more than three times higher than among non-incarcerated adults. To inform the implementation of smoke-free policies, this article reviews the literature on the extent, nature, and impact of smoke-free policies in U.S. prisons and jails. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, EconLit, and Social Services Abstracts databases. We examined studies published prior to January 2014 that described policies prohibiting smoking tobacco in adult U.S. correctional facilities. Results Twenty-seven studies met inclusion criteria. Smoke-free policies in prisons were rare in the 1980s but, by 2007, 87% prohibited smoking indoors. Policies reduced SHS exposure and a small body of evidence suggests they are associated with health benefits. We did not identify any studies documenting economic outcomes. Non-compliance with policies was documented in a small number of prisons and jails, with 20%–76% of inmates reporting smoking in violation of a policy. Despite barriers, policies were implemented successfully when access to contraband tobacco was limited and penalties were enforced. Conclusion Smoke-free policies have become increasingly common in prisons and jails, but evidence suggests they are not consistently implemented. Future studies should examine the health and economic outcomes of smoke-free policies in prisons and jails. By implementing smoke-free policies, prisons and jails have an opportunity to improve the health of staff and inmates.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoke-Free Policies in U.S. Prisons and Jails: A Review of the Literature

Kennedy¹,

Davis²,

Thorne³

2014

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We aimed to recruit a total sample of 150 participants. The sample size was expected to yield percentage estimates with reasonable 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the total sample, i. e. 10% (95% CI: 5-15) or 20% (95% CI: [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Prisoners with all types of verdict such as people in detention, remand prisoners and convicted prisoners were included in the study.…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The priority is then to develop adequate treatments, which acknowledge the primary substance of addiction and comorbidities with other mental disorders, the so called 'dual disorders' [18]. Previous research has demonstrated, with respect to nicotine addiction of prisoners, that treatment was superior to mere forced 5 abstinence in smoke free jails, which by itself had hardly any affect on the addiction after release [19]. Most previous prison mental health studies have been conducted with samples from all existing prisoners with varying times spent in imprisonment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treating substance abuse is not enough: Comorbidities in consecutively admitted female prisoners

Mir

Kastner

Priebe

et al. 2015

Addictive Behaviors

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“…Tobacco counselling, peer-support groups, and peer counselling services are effective adjuncts (Cork, 2012). One successful intervention in a tobacco-free prison based on motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioural therapy beginning 8 weeks prior to release resulted in a 25% abstinence rate at 3 weeks post-release, which was 6.6 times higher than those not receiving the intervention (Clarke et al, 2011; 2013). Prerelease planning should include information about how to avoid common triggers that lead to relapse, tobacco cessation materials, referrals to community health services for tobacco counselling and pharmacotherapy, and Quitline information (Break Free Alliance, 2012; Thibodeau et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco Use Among People Who Have Been in Prison: Relapse and Factors Associated with Trying to Quit

et al. 2016

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Introduction Tobacco use is common among people who have been in prison. The relationship between social stressors, risky health behaviours, and smoking cessation has not been studied in people recently released from prison. Studying this relationship could yield information that guides strategic and cost-effective tobacco cessation interventions for an under-resourced population. Methods One hundred and forty-three smokers were interviewed 7 to 21 days after they had been released from USA prisons. Independent variables included employment status, housing security, relationship problems, educational achievement, risky drinking behaviour, recent drug use, history of drug dependence, and depression. The primary outcome was ‘trying to quit smoking.’ Data were analysed using Pearson chi-square tests and single and multivariable logistic regression models. Results Of those who had to quit smoking due to tobacco-free prison policies, 98% reported relapsing on tobacco after release. Trying to quit smoking was associated with the absence of risky drinking behaviour in the past 30 days (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 6.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.02–20.48). Conclusions The absence of risky drinking behaviour is associated with trying to quit smoking among people recently released from prison. Further research may determine whether interventions addressing risky alcohol use can reduce smoking relapse.

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Forced Smoking Abstinence

Cited by 97 publications

References 25 publications

Smoke-Free Policies in U.S. Prisons and Jails: A Review of the Literature

Smoke-Free Policies in U.S. Prisons and Jails: A Review of the Literature

Treating substance abuse is not enough: Comorbidities in consecutively admitted female prisoners

Tobacco Use Among People Who Have Been in Prison: Relapse and Factors Associated with Trying to Quit

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