Forced treadmill exercise prevents oxidative stress and memory deficits following chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in the rat

Cechetti, Fernanda; Worm, Paulo Valdeci; Elsner, Viviane Rostirola; Bertoldi, Karine; Sanches, Eduardo Farias; Ben, Juliana; Siqueira, Ionara Rodrigues; Netto, Carlos Alexandre

doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2011.09.008

Cited by 122 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…It seems that in addition to the CORT levels, multiple systems extensively interact with the memory function during the exercise, such as the changes in the neurotransmitter release, oxidative stress and neurotrophic factors (Meeusen and De Meirleir 1995;Ke et al 2011;Cechetti et al 2012), the increase in neuronal activity (Stummer et al 1994;Carro et al 2001), the promotion of angiogenesis (Swain et al 2003;Foster et al 2011) and the stimulation of the neurogenesis (Van Praag et al 1999a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of forced exercise and exercise withdrawal on memory, serum and hippocampal corticosterone levels in rats

et al. 2015

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Evidence suggests that there are positive effects of exercise on learning and memory. Moreover, some studies have demonstrated that forced exercise plays the role of a stressor. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of different timing of exercise and exercise withdrawal on memory, and serum and hippocampal corticosterone (CORT) levels. Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, sham, exercise-rest (exercise withdrawal), rest-exercise (exercised group), and exercise-exercise (continuous exercise). Rats were forced to run on a treadmill for 1 h/day at a speed 20-21-m/min. Memory function was evaluated by the passive avoidance test in different intervals (1, 7 and 21 days) after foot shock. Findings showed that after the exercise withdrawal, short-term and mid-term memories, had significant enhancement compared to the control group, while the long-term memory did not present this result. In addition, the serum and hippocampal CORT levels were at the basal levels after the rest period in the exercise-rest group. In the rest-exercise group, exercise improved mid- and long-term memories, whereas continuous exercise improved all types short-, mid- and long-term memories, particularly the mid-term memory. Twenty-one and forty-two days of exercise significantly decreased the serum and hippocampal CORT levels. It seems that exercise for at least 21 days with no rest could affect biochemical factors in the brain. Also, regular continuous exercise plays an important role in memory function. Hence, the duration and withdraw of exercise are important factors for the neurobiological aspects of the memory responses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of forced exercise and exercise withdrawal on memory, serum and hippocampal corticosterone levels in rats

et al. 2015

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“…It may be argued that exposure to forced exercise is a stressful event, however, as previously noted (see Greenwood et al 2013), stress per definition does not have to hinder the positive effects of exercise and may, under certain circumstances, even promote posttraumatic cognitive recovery (Gram et al 2015, Malá et al 2008. Several studies report a positive impact of post-injury exercise on spatial acquisition paradigms (Cechetti et al 2012, Griesbach et al 2004b, Kim et al 2010, Piao et al 2013, Shen et al 2013, Shih et al 2013, Sim et al 2004. There are also studies reporting detrimental or no effects of exercise on spatial acquisition measures (Clark et al 2008, Griesbach et al 2004a, Hicks et al 1998, Luo et al 2007, Piao et al 2013, Song et al 2012.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of different delayed exercise regimens on cognitive performance in fimbria-fornix transected rats

Wogensen¹,

Marschner²,

Gram³

et al. 2017

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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Studies have shown that exercise can positively influence cognitive performance after brain injury. This study investigated the effects of different exercise regimens on allocentric place learning after fimbria-fornix (FF) transection. One hundred and sixteen pre-shaped rats were subjected either to a mechanical transection of the FF or control sham surgery and divided into following groups: i) no exercise (NE), ii) voluntary exercise in a running wheel (RW), iii) forced swimming exercise administered as interval training of short (3x5 min) duration (FS-SI), iv) forced swimming exercise administered as interval training of long (3x15 min) duration (FS-LI), v) forced swimming exercise administered as one session of short (5 min) duration (FS-SS), and vi) forced swimming exercise administered as one session of long (15 min) duration (FS-LS). The exercise was initiated 21 days post-surgery. Subsequently, all animals were administered 28 acquisition sessions in an 8-arm radial maze. Both sham operated and lesioned animals showed a significant learning response, however, the lesion induced a marked and lasting impairment, which was not alleviated neither by voluntary nor forced (spaced or one-session only) exercise regimens. Exercise regimens had no effect on the place learning of control sham animals. We conclude that the lesion location as well as factors related to the exercise-and cognitive testing protocols can profoundly influence the potential of exercise as a general recovery-promoting method.

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“…High levels of ROS production caused by exposure to glutamate lead to both apoptotic and necrotic processes [23] and the subsequent oxidative stress can cause cellular damage and death in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion [9]. In particular, hippocampus, one of the brain regions most sensitive to ischemic injury, plays a key role in learning and memory [3,4]. Our results indicate that cell death promoted by glutamate toxicity could be ameliorated by the suppression of ROS formation after treatment with CWC-9 and support a neuroprotective role and therapeutic potential for a new herbal mixture extract.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Four-herb Formula Ameliorates Memory Impairments via Neuroprotective Effects on Hippocampal Cells

Ahn¹,

Choi²,

Shin³

et al. 2016

Journal of Life Science

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The current study was conducted to evaluate beneficial effects of a new formula (CWC-9) using four traditional Oriental medicinal herbs, Cynanchum wilfordii, Rehmannia glutinosa, Polygala tenuifolia, and Acorus gramineus, on hippocampal cells and memory function. To examine the neuroprotective effects of a new four-herb extract, cell viability, cytotoxicity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays were performed in HT22 cells and behavioral tests (Morris water maze and passive avoidance retention), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry were performed in a mouse model of focal cerebral ischemia. In HT22 hippocampal cells, pretreatment with CWC-9 resulted in significantly reduced glutamate-induced cell death with suppression of ROS accumulation caused by glutamate. In a mouse model of focal cerebral ischemia, we observed significant improvement of spatial and short-term memory function by treatment with CWC-9. Phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in hippocampus of ischemic mice were decreased by treatment with CWC-9, but phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) were significantly enhanced. By immunohistochemical analysis, we confirmed higher expression of phosphorylation of CREB in the hippocampal neurons of CWC-9 treated mice. These results suggest that new multi-herb formula CWC-9 mainly exerted beneficial effects on cognitive function through regulation of neuroprotective signaling pathways associated with CREB.

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Forced treadmill exercise prevents oxidative stress and memory deficits following chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in the rat

Cited by 122 publications

References 68 publications

Effect of forced exercise and exercise withdrawal on memory, serum and hippocampal corticosterone levels in rats

Effect of forced exercise and exercise withdrawal on memory, serum and hippocampal corticosterone levels in rats

Effects of different delayed exercise regimens on cognitive performance in fimbria-fornix transected rats

New Four-herb Formula Ameliorates Memory Impairments via Neuroprotective Effects on Hippocampal Cells

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