Forced Vibrations of Polyamide Monofils

Eyring, Henry; Alder, Marilyn G.; Rossmassler, Stephen A.; Christensen, Carl Jørgen

doi:10.1177/004051755202200401

Textile Research Journal

1952

DOI: 10.1177/004051755202200401

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Forced Vibrations of Polyamide Monofils

Henry Eyring

Marilyn G. Alder

Stephen A. Rossmassler

et al.

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1962

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Cited by 5 publications

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The viscoelastic behavior of isotactic polypropylene fibers

Laible¹,

Morgan²

1962

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The stress‐strain properties of isotactic polypropylene yarn have been studied over a wide range of strain rates up to 2,000,000% per minute. The testing equipment used included the Instron, three pneumatic and pneumatichydraulic type of high speed testers, the falling weight method, the rotating disc longitudinal impact and ballistic techniques. Evaluation of the behavior of polypropylene at strains of 2, 6, 12, and 16% shows the existence of two relaxation peaks, one at τ = 10−2 sec. and the other at about 102 sec. with a plateau of little time dependency in between. The data, especially at the shorter testing times, can be well represented by a single mechanical model composed of two Maxwell units in parallel. Information concerning the ultimate properties of isotactic polypropylene yarn was also obtained. The work‐to‐rupture values for polypropylene at most strain rates exceed those characteristic of any other available textile material.

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The viscoelastic behavior of isotactic polypropylene fibers

Laible¹,

Morgan²

1962

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Viscoelastic Properties as Functions of the Distribution of Activation Energies

Lyons¹

1953

Journal of Applied Physics

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1. Assuming that the elementary molecular deformation process conforms to the Maxwell model, and that the molecular elastic force Gi and viscous force ηi are functions (of unspecified forms) of the free energy of activation F*, the following expressions for the dynamic modulus Gd and dynamic viscosity (internal friction) ηd are obtained: Gd=1A ∫ 0∞ω2τi2Giφ(F*)ω2τi2+1dF*,and ηd=1A ∫ 0∞ηiφ(F*)ω2τi2+1dF*,where A=area of sample, τi=Gi/ηi, ω=vibration frequency, and φ(F*)dF*=the number of elementary processes having activation energies lying between F* and F*+dF*. 2. By employing an expression relating the relaxation time τi with F* for the elementary process, and adopting the so-called ``box'' distribution of relaxation times, the following explicit form for the distribution of activation energies is deduced: φ=const(1/kTF*−1/F*2),where k=Boltzmann's constant and T=absolute temperature. When the box distribution, as represented by this explicit form for φ, is introduced into the foregoing expressions for Gd and ηd, the integrated results are found to predict temperature and frequency dependencies which are in gratifying agreement with experiment.

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Short-Time Stress Relaxation Behavior of Plastics

Watson

Kennedy

Armstrong

1955

Journal of Applied Physics

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An apparatus for measuring stress relaxation of plastics at constant strain in the time range of 0.01 to 2.5 sec after load application is described. Experimental results obtained indicate that rigid plastics at room temperature may be classified as either brittle or ductile. Brittle plastics sustain only low strains without fracture at the testing speed of the apparatus and undergo little relaxation of stress in this time range; ductile plastics sustain higher strains and undergo considerable relaxation of stress. The factors affecting relaxation behavior are briefly discussed. Increasing the strain, temperature, or plasticizer content generally increases the relaxation rate. Many of the results yield a linear plot of stress vs logarithmic time, as has been reported in the literature for various materials tested at longer times. By application of one form of the Eyring absolute rate theory, an average free energy of activation for the relaxation process can be calculated. The value thus calculated for polymethyl methacrylate is in the range reported in the literature for other polymers. An empirical measure of ``toughness'' can be based on these results. For many plastics this measurement is in accord with service performance.

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Forced Vibrations of Polyamide Monofils

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

The viscoelastic behavior of isotactic polypropylene fibers

The viscoelastic behavior of isotactic polypropylene fibers

Viscoelastic Properties as Functions of the Distribution of Activation Energies

Short-Time Stress Relaxation Behavior of Plastics

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