Forces acting in the forefoot during normal gait – an estimate

Jacob, H. A. C.

doi:10.1016/s0268-0033(01)00070-5

Cited by 192 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…1). Those findings are entirely consistent with the research results obtained by Bisiaux and Jacob, which showed that reduced loading of the big toe resulted in a much greater burden placed on the foot second ray [13,14].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The latter complies with the results obtained by Weist and Bisiaux who noted increased loading of second metatarsal head after a fatiguing run [13,18]. This is an important observation, because according to Jacob, increased pressure under the head of the second metatarsal resulted in an elevated bending moment of M 2 , which predispose to its stress fractures [14].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Assessment of the influence of jogging on the shape of female foot arches

Masłoń¹,

Golec²,

Szczygieł³

et al. 2017

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction. Both walking and its faster, running, consist of cyclical subsequent phases of swing and support; however, they differ in their time proportions as well as magnitude of acting forces. There is a lack of studies concerning the longterm consequences of repeated jogging cycles on the function of feet and, above all, on their permanent impact on the shape of foot arches. Objectives. The objective of this study was to answer the question whether regular jogging changes the shape of the transverse and medial longitudinal arches of the feet. Materials and method. The research material consisted of 96 women with an average age of 26.57, and included 50 actively jogging women, and 46 of non-joggers. The study was performed with the use of EMED-SF force platform. The plantar surface of the foot was divided into 10 regions according to Cavanagh, for which peak pressure and contact time were established. Two indicators were defined: metatarsal bone pressure distribution pattern acc. to Kantali, and longitudinal arch index acc. to Cavanagh. Results. The data obtained revealed more frequent occurrence of the greatest pressure under the centrally located metatarsal heads (lack of functional foot transverse arch) among the female joggers, compared with the non-joggers. Moreover, the findings indicate the higher frequency of medial longitudinal foot arch flattening among female runners, with a great deal of consistency between both feet, whereas results for the control group show asymmetrical medial arch shapes with right foot propensity to normal arch shape and left foot tendency for excessive arch. Conclusion. The observed differences in feet arch shapes between female joggers and non-joggers indicate the influence of jogging on feet functional adaptations.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Assessment of the influence of jogging on the shape of female foot arches

Masłoń¹,

Golec²,

Szczygieł³

et al. 2017

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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“…38 It was declared that M2 has an important weight-bearing function on load distribution in the forefoot. 39,40 Restricted normal range of motion of M2 in the tarsometatarsal joint, compared to a flexible first ray may clarify the higher absolute impulse underneath M2. 20,39 Together with the longer contact duration of M2 during rollover, this may be the part of the explanation for higher impulse of M2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…39,40 Restricted normal range of motion of M2 in the tarsometatarsal joint, compared to a flexible first ray may clarify the higher absolute impulse underneath M2. 20,39 Together with the longer contact duration of M2 during rollover, this may be the part of the explanation for higher impulse of M2. 20 By means of these specific features, M2 has become a crucial propulsive structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot Symmetry and Plantar Pressure Characteristics in Elite Taekwondo Athletes; Preferred and Non-Preferred Foot Comparison

Dağ¹,

Erdoğan²,

Yıldırım³

et al. 2017

Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci

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A AB BS ST TR RA AC CT T O Ob bj je ec ct ti iv ve e: : The aim of this study was to investigate differences in plantar pressure characteristics between preferred and non-preferred foot in elite taekwondo athletes. M Ma at te er ri ia al l a an nd d M Me et th ho od ds s: : The study population consisted of 11 elite taekwondo athletes ages ranged between 19.16±2.72 years. To determine preferred foot, they were also asked which leg they preferred to kick a ball. Plantar pressure distributions were measured by pedobarography device. The relative pressure-loads (%) between preferred and non-preferred foot determined with static pedobarographic measurements while subject stand on the pressure plate. The dynamic pedobarographic measurements were performed to investigate plantar pressure distribution, temporal characteristics and peak pressure asymmetry between preferred and non-preferred foot. R Re es su ul lt ts s: : There was no statistically difference between preferred and non-preferred foot with regard to static measurement results. No significant differences were found between foots for temporal characteristics and peak pressure underneath the ten anatomical areas. The absolute impulse underneath the second metatarsal was significantly higher at preferred foot while absolute impulse of lateral heel was higher at non-preferred foot. The relative impulse of second metatarsal and third metatarsal were also significantly higher at preferred foot. Peak pressure asymmetry was found in favor to non-preferred foot. C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: : The finding of present study indicates that the peak pressure beneath the preferred and non-preferred foot is not symmetrical. Peak pressure asymmetry finding indicates that preferred and non-preferred foot should be assessed and trained separately to prevent sports injury in taekwondo.K Ke ey yw wo or rd ds s: : Foot symmetry; plantar pressure; symmetry index; taekwondo Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Bu çalışmanın amacı elit tekvando sporcularında tercih edilen ve edilmeyen ayaktaki plantar basınç karakteristiklerinin farklılıklarını araştırmaktır. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön nt te em ml le er r: : Çalışma grubu yaşları 19,16±2,72 yıl olan 11 elit tekvando sporcusundan oluşmaktadır. Tercih edilen ayağın belirlenmesi için bireylere topa hangi ayakla vurdukları soruldu. Plantar basınç dağılımı pedobarografi cihazı ile ölçüldü. Tercih edilen ve edilmeyen ayağa olan basınç yüklenmesi (%) birey platform üzerinde statik olarak ayakta dururken belirlendi. Tercih edilen ve edilmeyen ayaktaki plantar basınç dağılımı, temporal karakteristikler ve pik basınç asimetrisini araştırmak için dinamik pedobarografik ölçümler gerçekleştirildi. B Bu ul lg gu ul la ar r: : Statik ölçüm sonuçlarına göre tercih edilen ve edilmeyen ayaklara olan yük dağılımı istatistiksel olarak farklı değildi. Ayaklar arasında, temporal karakteristikler ve on anatomik bölge altındaki pik basınçlar bakımından anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmadı. Mutlak impals değeri tercih edilen ayakta ikinci metatars altında anlamlı...

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“…Maximal force was the most increased force in one defined anatomic region (F = p/A). According to a previous study, maximal force is the most import biomechanical parameter of the foot's function [10].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metatarsal Length does not Correlate with Maximal Peak Pressure and Maximal Force

Kaipel

Krapf

Wyss

2011

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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Background Primary metatarsalgia of the lesser metatarsals is common and caused by mechanical overload of the affected metatarsal heads. Increased metatarsal length generally is believed to be a factor in the development of primary metatarsalgia. However, there is no clear biomechanical evidence supporting this theory. Questions/purposes We asked whether metatarsal length correlated with plantar-loading parameters under the corresponding metatarsal heads. Patients and Methods We prospectively followed two groups of patients 46 (51 feet) with and 45 (51 feet) without metatarsalgia. Each foot was physically examined and underwent standardized full-weightbearing radiography and dynamic pedobarography to assess maximal peak pressure and maximal force under the first, second, and third metatarsal heads. We correlated the relative length of the first and third metatarsals with the corresponding two plantar-loading parameters. We compared maximal peak pressure and maximal force in patients with metatarsalgia with those of symptom-free patients.Results The relative length of the first and third metatarsals did not correlate (r \ 0.13) with the maximal peak pressure or maximal force under the corresponding metatarsal heads. Maximal force under the first metatarsal head was decreased in the metatarsalgia group. There was no difference in maximal peak pressure between the metatarsalgia and nonmetatarsalgia groups. Conclusions Relative metatarsal length had no influence on plantar-loading parameters. Shortening of a symptomatic ray to decrease plantar-loading parameters cannot be supported from a biomechanical rationale.

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Forces acting in the forefoot during normal gait – an estimate

Cited by 192 publications

References 19 publications

Assessment of the influence of jogging on the shape of female foot arches

Assessment of the influence of jogging on the shape of female foot arches

Foot Symmetry and Plantar Pressure Characteristics in Elite Taekwondo Athletes; Preferred and Non-Preferred Foot Comparison

Metatarsal Length does not Correlate with Maximal Peak Pressure and Maximal Force

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