Forces in the normal and abnormal hand

An, K. N.; Chao, Edmund Y.S.; Cooney, William P.; Linscheid, Ronald L.

doi:10.1002/jor.1100030210

Cited by 210 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The former result was expected (Matheson et al 1970;Pataky et al 2007a). The latter could not be predicted from Index finger anatomy: the Index finger has a radial interosseous with a greater moment arm (An et al 1983) and greater physiological cross-sectional area (An et al 1985) than the ulnar interosseous. The results could also not be predicted from the Index finger biomechanics literature.…”

Section: Discussion Strengthmentioning

confidence: 91%

Multifinger Ab- and Adduction Strength and Coordination

Pataky

Latash

Zatsiorsky

2008

Journal of Hand Therapy

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Simultaneous ab-and adduction of the fingers (finger spreading and finger squeezing) are fundamental to many prehension tasks. This is the first study to describe all finger forces during multi-finger ab-/adduction. Twenty one healthy subjects (12 female) produced maximal ab-/ adduction efforts against a stationary apparatus equipped with four independent multi-axis force transducers. Total force was computed as the sum of the absolute values of individual finger forces. The males were significantly stronger than the females, and adduction (squeezing) forces (42.4 N) were significantly greater than abduction forces (32.6 N). The relative contributions of individual fingers to the total force were consistent across the genders, implying that strength did not affect coordination. Ab-/adduction were coordinated symmetrically and multi-finger performance was not predictable from single finger strengths. The latter finding, in particular, indicates that multi-finger spreading/squeezing force measurements can provide information about hand function that cannot be derived from other tests.

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Section: Discussion Strengthmentioning

confidence: 91%

Multifinger Ab- and Adduction Strength and Coordination

Pataky

Latash

Zatsiorsky

2008

Journal of Hand Therapy

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“…The lunate is palmarly wedgeshaped in configuration and tends to extend under axial compression load. 24,25 Based on calculations by An et al, 26 the total force transmitted by the metacarpals to the carpal can reach values greater than 10 times the applied force on the fingers. Such forces are both the consequence of an external load being transferred along the different digital rays and the results of the action of specific muscles and ligaments necessary to achieve joint stability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiographic Evaluation of Chronic Static Scapholunate Dissociation Post Soft Tissue Reconstruction

2013

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The purpose of this study was to examine the radiographic outcomes of dorsal intercarpal ligament capsulodesis (DILC), documenting the time to carpal collapse postoperatively. From January 2008 to January 2011, 12 patients were identified with chronic scapholunate (SL) dissociation. The average follow-up period was 15.8 months.Paired t-tests were used preoperatively, one month after pin removal, and at final followup to determine significance in radiographic outcomes. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) survey was administered to patients before and after surgery to assess subjective levels of pain, function, and satisfaction. Intraoperatively all deformities were reduced completely. One month after pin removal, the mean SL gap was 3.3 mm, the SL angle was 74°, the radiolunate (RL) angle was 17°, and the lunatocapitate (LC) angle was 8°. Only the SL angle improved; the other measurements remained unchanged. At final follow-up, the mean SL gap was 3.6 mm, the SL angle was 78°, the RL angle was 20°, and the LC angle was 10°. SL angle worsened, but with no statistically significant difference. The other radiographic measurements remained unchanged at final follow up. Wrist flexion and extension decreased from 76% and 69% of the contralateral side to 62% and 56% of the contralateral side after surgery. Grip strength was 64% of the contralateral side before surgery and 83% after surgery. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) results improved from 6.3 to 1.7, and DASH scores improved from 39 to 8 after the surgery. DILC cannot withstand large and repetitive forces. Carpal collapse recurred within a short time after DILC. However, our small patient numbers and short term follow-up preclude any conclusions with respect to clinical efficacy of this procedure. Limitations of this study include the fact that this is a retrospective study with no control group. In addition, it represents a single-surgeon series, which introduces a source of bias and carries the risk of technical and methodological flaws, which may have contributed to the observed radiographic outcomes.

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“…Several biomechanical studies support this assertion. An et al (55) demonstrated that the compressive force across the articular surface is much higher in the PIP and MCP joints than DIP joints during grasp (hand grip), briefcase grip, holding a glass, or opening a jar. In grasp, compression forces have been shown to rise dramatically from the IP joint of the thumb to the first MCP to the first CMC joint (56).…”

Section: Pathophysiological Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of work activities requiring pinch or hand grip or exposure to hand-arm vibration with finger and wrist osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis

Hammer¹,

Shiri²,

Kryger³

et al. 2013

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Associations of work activities requiring pinch or hand grip or exposure to hand-arm vibration with finger and wrist osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis by Hammer PEC, Shiri R, Kryger AI, Kirkeskov L, Bonde JPThe current meta-analysis provides limited support for the hypothesis that occupational activities involving pinch motion are causally linked to development of hand osteoarthritis. For exposure to hand grip or hand-arm vibration the evidence is insufficient due to inconsistent results Affiliation 133Review Scand J Work Environ Health. 2014;40(2):133-145. doi:10.5271/sjweh.3409 Associations of work activities requiring pinch or hand grip or exposure to hand-arm vibration with finger and wrist osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis Objective We systematically reviewed the epidemiologic evidence linking finger and wrist osteoarthritis (OA) with work activities requiring pinch or hand grip or exposure to hand-arm vibration (HAV).Methods PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to June 2013. We selected studies assessing the associations of radiographic diagnosed finger and/or wrist joint OA with work activities involving pinch or hand grip or exposure to HAV. We used specific criteria to evaluate completeness of reporting, potential confounding, and bias. Pooled odds ratios (OR) were computed using random-effects meta-analyses. ResultsOf the 19 studies included, 17 were cross-sectional, 1 was a prospective cohort, and 1 a case-control study. The meta-analyses of studies that controlled their estimates for at least age and gender showed the associations of pinch grip work with proximal interphalangeal joint [OR 1.56, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.09-2.23] and the first carpometacarpal joint OA (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.06-4.17), but not with distal interphalangeal, metacarpalphalangeal, or wrist joints OA. Hand grip work and exposure to HAV were not associated with any finger or wrist OA. ConclusionEpidemiological studies provide limited evidence that pinch grip may increase the risk of wrist or finger OA, but causal relation cannot be resolved because of cross-sectional designs and inadequate characterization of biomechanical strain to the hand and wrist.

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Forces in the normal and abnormal hand

Cited by 210 publications

References 23 publications

Multifinger Ab- and Adduction Strength and Coordination

Multifinger Ab- and Adduction Strength and Coordination

Radiographic Evaluation of Chronic Static Scapholunate Dissociation Post Soft Tissue Reconstruction

Associations of work activities requiring pinch or hand grip or exposure to hand-arm vibration with finger and wrist osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis

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