Forces on vehicles in cross winds from moving model tests

Humphreys, Nicholas; Baker, Chris

doi:10.1016/0167-6105(92)90059-j

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Baker and his co-workers (Coleman and Baker 1990) conducted a series of tests on the vehicle aerodynamic forces and moments under different yaw angles and found that the stream turbulence has significant effect on the lift force, which increases significantly the accident risk. To study the effect of atmospheric turbulence or train and ground relative motion, a catapulted setup experiment was carried out in an atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel (Baker 1986b), and different types of vehicles (e.g., high side road vehicle, car and small vans), wind speeds and flow fields were studied as the influence factors on the wind load coefficients of vehicles (Baker 1991a, Baker 1991b, Baker 1991c, Humphreys and Baker 1992. The aerodynamic force coefficients of vehicles were found to vary with the vehicle"s motion state, the vehicle position relative to others, and the terrain characteristics (Baker 1986b).…”

Section: Vehicle Aerodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A coupled wind-vehicle-bridge system and its applications: a review

Cai¹,

Hu²,

Chen³

et al. 2015

Wind and Structures

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The performance of bridges under strong wind and traffic is of great importance to set the traveling speed limit or to make operational decisions for severe weather, such as controlling traffic or even closing the bridge. Meanwhile, the vehicle"s safety is highly concerned when it is running on bridges or highways under strong wind. During the past two decades, researchers have made significant contributions to the simulation of the wind-vehicle-bridge system and their interactive effects. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the overall performance of the bridge and traffic system under strong wind, including bridge structures and vehicles, and the associated mitigation efforts.

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Section: Vehicle Aerodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A coupled wind-vehicle-bridge system and its applications: a review

Cai¹,

Hu²,

Chen³

et al. 2015

Wind and Structures

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“…A number of research studies have been conducted on the aerodynamic characteristics and safety of ground vehicles under crosswinds (Baker, 1987;Baker and Humphreys, 1996;Xu and Guo, 2003b). Humphreys and Bake (1992) conducted wind tunnel tests to test the aerodynamic forces on moving vehicles on the ground, and concluded that the effect of motion is very substantial. The significance of the relative motion between vehicles and the ground was mentioned again by Baker and Humphreys (1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Aerodynamic Forces on Stationary/Moving Vehicle-Bridge Deck System Under Crosswinds using Computational Fluid Dynamics

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2013

Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics

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To investigate the safety of road vehicles running on a long-span bridge under high crosswinds, the aerodynamic forces of a moving vehicle-bridge deck system need to be determined. This paper reports the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate the aerodynamic forces on coupled vehicle-bridge deck systems under crosswinds in terms of aerodynamic coefficients. The aerodynamic coefficients of a stationary vehicle-deck system were simulated and then compared with wind tunnel results. A relative velocity method was then used to obtain the aerodynamic forces of a moving vehicle-deck system. The moving effects on the aerodynamic forces on the vehicle-deck system were evaluated. The results show that the movement of the vehicle on the first lane of the bridge deck does affect the aerodynamic coefficients of the bridge deck but has only slight effects on the aerodynamic coefficients of the vehicle if the relative yaw angle to the vehicle is taken into account.

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“…During the past couple of decades, many researchers have undertaken extensive experimental studies on the aerodynamic characteristics of vehicle–bridge systems with noticeable progress. Previous scholars (Coleman and Baker, 1990; Baker and Robinson, 1990; Baker, 1991; Humphreys and Baker, 1992) investigated the aerodynamic characteristics of several basic types of single vehicles on the ground by means of a series of wind tunnel tests and produced simplified formulas for vehicle aerodynamic coefficients through regression analyses. Moreover, Baker et al (2009) predicted the accident risk of road and rail vehicles using the risk analysis framework, including relevant knowledge of the aerodynamic force and moment coefficients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind tunnel tests on the aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles on highway bridges

Xue

Zou

et al. 2020

Advances in Structural Engineering

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Accurately quantifying the aerodynamic forces acting on vehicles and long-span bridges is critical for assessing the safety of moving vehicles on bridges which are subjected to strong wind. It is necessary to consider the aerodynamic interference between vehicles and the bridge, especially for this with the bluff body section and wind barriers. However, very few investigations have been carried out to find aerodynamic coefficients of vehicles on a bridge with the bluff body section and considering the effect of wind barrier. This article therefore carried out wind tunnel tests to determine aerodynamic coefficients of container truck on a bridge with a π-cross section and wind barriers. The influence of vehicle position in different road lanes of the bridge deck and the aerodynamic interference between vehicles on the aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle and the bridge are investigated. Different heights and ventilation ratios of wind barrier are taken into consideration to examine variations of aerodynamic coefficients with different wind barriers. Furthermore, the change mechanism in the aerodynamic coefficients of the vehicles is observed by analyzing the wind pressure distribution on the surface of the vehicles. The test results show that the different lane locations of the vehicle affect the aerodynamic coefficients significantly, as well as the aerodynamic interference between vehicles with transverse arrangement or longitudinal arrangement, especially for the side force coefficient. The existence of wind barrier reduces the side force coefficients of the vehicle remarkably. Such effects also vary with the ventilation ratio and height of wind barrier.

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Forces on vehicles in cross winds from moving model tests

Cited by 22 publications

References 5 publications

A coupled wind-vehicle-bridge system and its applications: a review

A coupled wind-vehicle-bridge system and its applications: a review

Determination of Aerodynamic Forces on Stationary/Moving Vehicle-Bridge Deck System Under Crosswinds using Computational Fluid Dynamics

Wind tunnel tests on the aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles on highway bridges

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