Forecasting carbon emissions due to electricity power generation in Bahrain

Abstract

Global warming and climate change have become one of the most embarrassing and explosive problems/challenges all over the world, especially in third-world countries. It is due to a rapid increase in industrialization and urbanization process that has given the boost to the volume of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions. In this regard, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is considered a significant driver of GHGs and is the major contributing factor for global warming. Considering the goal of mitigating environmental pollution, this research has applied multiple methods such as neural network time series nonlinear autoregressive, Gaussian Process Regression, and Holt’s methods for forecasting CO 2 emission. It attempts to forecast the CO 2 emission of Bahrain. These methods are evaluated for performance. The neural network model has the root mean square errors (RMSE) of merely 0.206, while the Gaussian Process Regression Rational Quadratic (GPR-RQ) Model has RMSE of 1.0171, and Holt’s method has RMSE of 1.4096. Therefore, it can be concluded that the neural network time series nonlinear autoregressive model has performed better for forecasting the CO 2 emission in the case of Bahrain.

Financial Development, Institutional Quality, and the Influence of Various Environmental Factors on Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Exploring the Nexus in China

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Exploring the Effects of Economic Complexity and the Transition to a Clean Energy Pattern on Ecological Footprint From the Indian Perspective

“…However, the usage of CO 2 emissions as a proxy to capture the environmental damage caused by economic growth received massive criticism and represented a vast debatable topic. Many researchers argued that CO 2 only captures a part of the considerable damage caused by the economic growth that is, ruining the planet (Kamal et al, 2021;Khalid et al, 2021;Qader et al, 2021;. Furthermore, from a sustainability point of view, CO 2 is not a suitable measure of remnants induced by economic progress.…”

The impact of environmental regulations on export trade at provincial level in China: evidence from panel quantile regression

“…An increasing number of countries have incorporated environmental factors into an important part of trade regulation (Baghdadi et al 2013;Usman et al 2021a). In 2019, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the global atmosphere reached the highest level in 3 million years, and air pollution poses a great threat to human health and even life (Qader et al 2021;Usman et al 2021b;Jahanger et al 2021aJahanger et al , 2021bYang et al 2021aYang et al , 2021b. As the world's largest exporter and the world's largest carbon emitter, the Chinese government has set higher requirements for energy conservation, emission reductions, and environmental regulations.…”

“…Integrating ecological regulation into the analysis framework of export trade can better change the mode of economic development and thus alleviate the contradiction between economic development and ecological environment (Usman et al 2020a). At present, although the effect of environmental regulation has been improved, the overall effect is not satisfactory (Kamal et al 2021;Zhao et al, 2021;Yang et al, 2020;Jahanger 2021aJahanger , 2021bQader et al 2021). So, in the field of export, is environmental regulation helpful to China's export of goods and improve the export competitiveness of enterprises?…”