“…Second, the GARCH-MIDAS model can fully capture the relevant information in real time and avoid the delay of economic data publication, and this could improve the model's forecasting accuracy. Owing to these advantages, the GARCH-MIDAS model is employed widely in empirical forecasting analyses and obtains excellent performance (Asgharian, Hou, & Javed, 2013;Conrad, Custovic, & Ghysels, 2018;Conrad & Kleen, 2019;Fang, Lee, & Su, 2020;Wang, Ma, Liu, & Yang, 2020;Wei, Liu, Lai, & Hu, 2017). However, nothing is perfect, and the GARCH-MIDAS model cannot adapt to structural breaks, which indeed commonly exist in the energy market.…”