Forecasting the local and global socio-economic impact of climate change in the Boreal and Arctic regions of Siberia

A Review of Climate Change Adaptation in the Arctic

“…Changes in weather patterns were also occurring, including increases in air and water temperatures (Gosselin et al, 2011;Healey et al, 2011;Manrique, Corral, & Pereira, 2018), less extreme winter low temperatures (Kaján, 2014;Keskitalo & Kuulyasova, 2016), and less predictable weather patterns and environmental cues (Ignatowski & Rosales, 2013;Loring et al, 2011;Ogden & Innes, 2009;Wesche & Chan, 2010;). These weather patterns changes enabled further social and environmental changes, such as an increased presence of wildfire events (Skrylnikova et al, 2014;Trainor et al, 2009) and atmospheric allergens and particulates (Driscoll et al, 2013). Further, weather pattern changes rendered it difficult to read the land and weather using traditional cues and place-making capacities (Loring et al, 2011;Pearce et al, 2015), which sometimes led to a loss of ecological knowledge and traditional practices (Pearce et al, 2012), thus also eroding an Arctic sense of place that is closely tied to cold environments (Healey et al, 2011;Kofinas et al, 2010).…”

“…Finally, evidence of changes in hydrogeological risk were present throughout the literature (Ford et al, 2012), including more thunderstorms and extreme weather events (Kaján, 2014;Pearce et al, 2015), flooding events (Herman-Mercer et al, 2016;Takakura, 2016), landslides (Skrylnikova et al, 2014), and declines in the quality of freshwater (Goldhar, Bell, & Wolf, 2014). Changes in permafrost extent and depth also contributed to or were instigated by these increasing hydrogeological risks (Healey et al, 2011), including the freer transport of materials like harmful pollutants by way of bioaccumulation processes (Alexander, 1999;Larsen et al, 2014).…”

“…Changes in permafrost extent and depth also contributed to or were instigated by these increasing hydrogeological risks (Healey et al, 2011), including the freer transport of materials like harmful pollutants by way of bioaccumulation processes (Alexander, 1999;Larsen et al, 2014). In response to changes in hydrogeological risk, some communities experienced a loss of critical infrastructure, such as communication, energy, transportation, and water systems (Healey et al, 2011;Skrylnikova et al, 2014). Historical and cultural sites were also more frequently prone to the impacts of hydrogeological events (Pearce, 2009), and in some cases, entire communities required relocation (Manrique, Corral, & Pereira 2018).…”

“…Additional adaptations included improvements to healthcare systems (Driscoll et al, 2013;Healey et al, 2011) as well as the creation of environmental monitoring systems to support decision-making for environmental health Ogden & Innes, 2009), collaborative research (Pearce, 2009), and responsible environmental economic accounting (Skrylnikova et al, 2014). A few communities also developed local-scale adaptation plans (Ignatowski & Rosales, 2013) and community wildfire plans (Trainor et al, 2009), in some cases leading to the relocation of critical infrastructure (Gosselin et al, 2011;Prno et al, 2011).…”