It is demonstrated that deposits are an alternative channel for the transmission of monetary policy. When the policy rate increases, banks respond by widening the spreads charged on deposits and there is a net loss of deposits from the banking system. Further analysis indicates that this is the result of deposit market power. Particularly concentrated markets will experience a more marked rise in deposit spreads and deposit outflows. Furthermore, deposits are able to explain the robust relationship between the liquidity premium and the policy rate. Finally, it is observed that banks operating in concentrated markets respond to an increase in the policy rate by reining in lending to a greater extent than other banks. Non-performing loans are analysed at the disaggregated level, thereby revealing important differences in the inter-relationships between macroeconomic and balance sheet conditions and different categories of non-performing loans. Employing data for the one hundred largest US banks from 1992 until 2016, it is found that bad debts resulting from real estate and industrial loans are most sensitive to balance sheet and macroeconomic conditions. Subsequently, the author turns his attention to the effect that nonperforming loans have on sector-specific product markets and employment. Real GDP growth, house prices and housing starts are most affected by total non-performing loans. At the disaggregate level, bad debts stemming from the construction and development sector have the greatest influence on the corresponding sector employment growth. A growing stock of bad debts held by Italy's banks has undermined the stability of the entire economy and on 23 June 2017 Law no. 96 was published to assist the management and recovery of non-performing loans. This new law enables securitisation special purpose vehicles to be formed that will not only facilitate the recovery of credit but also support debt management. This article examines how these special purpose vehicles will work in practice and focuses on their ability to grant loans that are intended to enhance the prospects of recovering bad loans and also assist the financial recovery of the debtor. 1280/34*** The impact of European initiatives on the treatment of insurer's infrastructure investments under Solvency II Gatzert, N. and Kosub, T. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia Economic Insights (USA), vol. 42, no. 4 (October 2017), pp. 708-31 Underinvestment in infrastructure over several decades has seriously undermined the competitiveness of European countries and the EC is therefore keen to offer incentives for private and institutional investors to increase their exposure to infrastructure. The long-term, predictable nature of infrastructure returns should be ideally suited for matching the liabilities of pension funds and insurance companies at a time when yields on government bonds are unusually low. The fact that money has not flowed into infrastructure suggests that there are sizeable investment barriers. This paper explores these barriers with ...