Foregone harvests and neoliberal policies: Creating opportunities for rural, small-scale, community-based fisheries in southern Alaskan coastal villages

Langdon, Steve J.

doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2015.03.007

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In particular, smallscale fishing operations and rural coastal communities can be irreversibly and disproportionately impacted by the transformations generated by fisheries privatization schemes. For example, crew and boat owners lose jobs as increasing costs force small-boat owners to sell fishing rights [9], remaining crew receive less shares [10] or become wage laborers [11], women and migrant workers lose jobs when small-scale on-shore processing facilities close due to decreases in fish deliveries [12], local fishing practices and values become marginalized [13,14] and existing social inequalities in rural communities can deepen, causing tension between those who hold fishing rights and those who do not [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thirty years after privatization: A survey of Icelandic small-boat fishermen

Chambers

Carothers

2017

Marine Policy

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Iceland"s nationwide privatized Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ) system is over thirty years old but remains a topic of public and political debate, particularly because of the continued effects on small-scale fisheries. A national survey of small-boat fishermen was distributed to: 1) identify major defining characteristics of participants in ITQ and non-ITQ fisheries, 2) document and examine differences in satisfaction with fisheries management, and 3) evaluate the existing options for newcomers to participate in small-boat fisheries. Survey results indicate that Icelandic small-boat fishermen are engaged in multiple management systems within a wide range of boat sizes. Those who held quota were more satisfied with the current ITQ system compared to those who did not hold quota; however, nearly all fishermen were still critical of fisheries management in Iceland and the two major non-ITQ options of lumpfish and coastal fishing were not perceived to offer significant opportunity for entry-level fishermen. Dissatisfaction stemmed from the lack of decision-making power, a distrust of scientific advice, and the perception that the ITQ system did not serve the purpose of protecting fisheries resources, but was rather oriented only toward economic goals. The dynamic nature of Icelandic small-boat fishing livelihoods and the pervasive negative attitudes thirty years after ITQ implementation demonstrate the need for culturally appropriate and equitable fisheries management schemes where success is measured in social as well as economic and biological terms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thirty years after privatization: A survey of Icelandic small-boat fishermen

Chambers

Carothers

2017

Marine Policy

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“…In these instances, overharvest can threaten the long-term viability of wild salmon populations and fisheries (e.g., Connors et al 2019 ). Management measures to limit the impacts of these mixed-stock fisheries may also be harmful to fishing communities if they reduce fishing opportunity for locally abundant populations (Martin 2008 , Langdon 2015 , Walters et al 2019 ). By the 1960s, concerns over declining salmon runs drove efforts to curb overcapitalization through license privatization, consolidation, and buybacks efforts in both Canada and the United States (Newell 1993 , Brown 2005 , Carothers 2010 ).…”

Section: Contemporary Salmon Management: History and Challenges To Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By the 1960s, concerns over declining salmon runs drove efforts to curb overcapitalization through license privatization, consolidation, and buybacks efforts in both Canada and the United States (Newell 1993 , Brown 2005 , Carothers 2010 ). Efforts to shrink the commercial fishing fleet ultimately reduced the number of commercial licenses and fishing boats in remote and Indigenous communities, undermining access to salmon-fishing livelihoods and food security (Carothers 2010 , Langdon 2015 , Angel 2017 , Steel 2020 ). The social–ecological and economic viability of commercial salmon fisheries has been further undermined by infrequent or unpredictable openings (e.g., Martin 2008 , Walters et al 2019 ), fluctuations in prices driven by global markets, and management objectives that are often narrowly focused on maintaining maximum sustainable yields (Adkinson and Finney 2003 , Bjorndal et al 2003 , Hilborn 2006 , Healey 2009 ).…”

Section: Contemporary Salmon Management: History and Challenges To Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

Indigenous Systems of Management for Culturally and Ecologically Resilient Pacific Salmon (Oncorhynchusspp.) Fisheries

et al. 2020

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Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) are at the center of social–ecological systems that have supported Indigenous peoples around the North Pacific Rim since time immemorial. Through generations of interdependence with salmon, Indigenous Peoples developed sophisticated systems of management involving cultural and spiritual beliefs, and stewardship practices. Colonization radically altered these social–ecological systems, disrupting Indigenous management, consolidating authority within colonial governments, and moving most harvest into mixed-stock fisheries. We review Indigenous management of salmon, including selective fishing technologies, harvest practices, and governance grounded in multigenerational place-based knowledge. These systems and practices showcase pathways for sustained productivity and resilience in contemporary salmon fisheries. Contrasting Indigenous systems with contemporary management, we document vulnerabilities of colonial governance and harvest management that have contributed to declining salmon fisheries in many locations. We suggest that revitalizing traditional systems of salmon management can improve prospects for sustainable fisheries and healthy fishing communities and identify opportunities for their resurgence.

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“…This involves exploring two related issues: the first concerns the capability for potential merging of multiple transformation pathways to facilitate innovative spillover and cross-fertilization-where one pathway may yield learnings for the growth of others. The second concerns the potential for transformation pathways to facilitate more interstitial space in which new pathways can grow, ultimately creating 'safe havens' of empowerment within existing institutional structures [125].…”

Section: Scaling Local Fisher Institutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transformation pathways begin with the risk of remaining just reactive alternatives to the mainstream, owing their dynamism to the 'oppositional status' created by the hegemonic neoliberal regime [126]. Fishers thus need to be careful to establish their transformation pathways beyond oppositional entities towards developing new governance modes based upon public priorities and fisher sovereignty [125].…”

Section: Scaling Local Fisher Institutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Sustainability of South African Small-Scale Fisheries Leveraging ICT Transformation Pathways

et al. 2020

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Though Internet and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have been employed in small-scale fisheries (SSFs) globally, they are seldom systematically explored for the ways in which they facilitate equality, democracy and sustainability. Our study explored how ICTs in South African small-scale fisheries are leveraged towards value chain upgrading, collective action and institutional sustainability—key issues that influence small-scale fishery contributions to marine resource sustainability. We held a participatory workshop as part of ongoing research in the town of Lambert’s Bay, South Africa, in collaboration with small-scale fishers and the Abalobi ICT project. We mapped fisher value chain challenges and explored the role of ICT-driven transformation pathways, adopting Wright’s ‘Real Utopian’ framework as the lens through which to explore equality, democracy and institutional sustainability. We found Abalobi’s ICT platform had the potential to facilitate deeper meanings of democracy that incorporate socio-economic reform, collective action and institutional sustainability in South Africa’s small-scale fisheries. Where fishers are not engaged beyond passive generators of data, this had the potential to undermine the goals of increasing power parity between small-scale fisheries and other stakeholders.

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Foregone harvests and neoliberal policies: Creating opportunities for rural, small-scale, community-based fisheries in southern Alaskan coastal villages

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

Thirty years after privatization: A survey of Icelandic small-boat fishermen

Thirty years after privatization: A survey of Icelandic small-boat fishermen

Indigenous Systems of Management for Culturally and Ecologically Resilient Pacific Salmon (Oncorhynchusspp.) Fisheries

Toward Sustainability of South African Small-Scale Fisheries Leveraging ICT Transformation Pathways

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