Foreign aid volatility and lifelong learning

Abstract

This paper has put a demand-side empirical structure to the hypothesis that foreign aid volatility adversely affects choices to lifelong learning in recipient countries. Lifelong learning is measured as the combined knowledge acquired during primary, secondary and tertiary educational enrolments. Three types of aggregate foreign aid volatilities are computed in a twofold manner: baseline standard deviations and standard errors (standard deviations of residuals after first-order autoregressive processes). An endogeneity robust system GMM empirical strategy is employed. The findings broadly show that foreign aid volatility does not adversely affect the demand-side choices of lifelong learning in Africa. As a policy implication, when faced with aid uncertainty, the demand for education would increase. This may be explained by the need for more selfreliance in order to mitigate income risks or/and the use of education as means of coping with uncertainty. More policy implications are discussed.

Sustainable peacebuilding and development in Nigeria's post‐amnesty programme: The role of corporate social responsibility in oil host communities

“…Muthuri (2012), depending on the extent literature on CSR in Africa, posited that the CSR issues predominant in Africa include poverty reduction, education and training, economic and enterprise development community development, health and HIV/AIDS, sports, human right, environment, corruption and governance and accountability. Quite a number of other studies have also looked at the CSR concept and initiatives of MOCs long‐term outcome and beneficiaries in the oil producing communities, which include: Ite (2007), Edoho (2008), Tuodolo (2009), Eweje (2006), Asongu, Uduji, and Okolo‐Obasi (2019a, 2019b, 2019c, 2019d, 2020a, 2020b, 2020c, 2020d), and so on. Yet, this study is different from extant literature by explicitly concentrating on the existing relationship between MOCs GMoU interventions and the ex‐militant entrepreneurship development in Nigeria's post‐amnesty programme in the Niger Delta region.…”

Does agri-business/small and medium enterprise investment scheme (AGSMEIS) impact on youth entrepreneurship development in sub-Saharan Africa? Evidence from Nigeria

“…Noticeably, we hypothesize that AGSMEIS intervention has not impacted on youth entrepreneurship development in Nigeria. The positioning of the research in response to this testable hypothesis swerves from existing youth empowerment literature (Filmer and Fox, 2014; ILO, 2012; Asongu et al , 2019a, b, c, d; Ugwuanyi et al , 2021; Uduji and Okolo-Obasi, 2017, 2018a, b, c; IMF, 2013; UNDP, 2016; Uduji et al , 2019e, f, g, h; World Bank, 2014; Asongu et al , 2020d, e; Dana, 2007a, b; Uduji and Okolo-Obasi, 2019a, b, c, 2021; IMF, 2017; Dana, 2011; Mason et al , 2009; Uduji et al , 2020a, b, c, d; Ramadani et al , 2019; Asongu et al , 2020a, b, c; Nikolopoulos and Dana, 2017; Uduji et al , 2020e, 2021a, b, c, d; Dana and Dana, 2005; Dana et al , 2018).…”

Does corporate social responsibility initiative restrain young people from irregular migration in sub-Saharan Africa? Evidence from Nigeria’s oil-producing communities

“…In the context of this study, the push factors include political subjugation and gross human rights violations, the weight of population, the dreadful conditions of natural resources, underemployment, lack, unemployment, want of economic opportunities and violent conflicts. Although this theory has been recognized as a path-breaking model that describes the migration at various periods and has stood the test of time, it has been attacked for its failure to ascertain the main factors that influence migration because the push and pull factors are mostly mirror image of each other (Williams and Balaz, 2012;Wouterse and Taylor, 2007;Shaw, 2007;Pugh, 2004;Raineri, 2018;Van Bemmel, 2019;Asongu et al, 2020aAsongu et al, , 2020bAsongu et al, , 2020cAsongu et al, , 2020d.…”