“…These problems commonly have non-linear constraints for which previous solutions have required strong, often linear, assumptions in order to find solutions. Traditional methods for solving these problems abound and are diverse: recent examples include modelling asymmetric dependence in portfolio formulation using copula functions (Hatherley and Alcock, 2007;Low, 2018), pricing options allowing for stochastic volatility utilising L evy processes (Li et al, 2017), analysing foreign equity bias in mutual funds using Bayesian and other approaches (Mishra, 2016), and portfolio optimisation in the presence of transactions costs (Suh, 2016). Smith and Walsh (2013) provide an important review of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) approach that underpins much of the portfolio optimisation research, highlighting the important implication that there is an infinite number of ex-post efficient portfolios.…”