“…There is a polarized debate in Latin America (LATAM) about the developmental effects of foreign companies. On the one hand, scholars from the Dependency School (Furtado, 1964(Furtado, , 1965Santos, 1970) have argued, based on case studies and historical examples, that foreign companies (a) tend to exploit cheap labor and natural resources in developing countries (Aleksynska & Havrylchyk, 2013;Dinç & Gökmen, 2019;Feng et al, 2018), (b) crowd out local companies and technologies (Reiter & Steensma, 2010;Shah et al, 2020), (c) are not interested in local development and in transferring economic gains to the home country (Zhao, Wong, et al, 2020), and (d) create technological and economic dependency (Pavlínek, 2018); resulting in foreign companies undermining socio-economic development.…”