Foreign direct investments, environmental externalities and capital segmentation in a rural economy

The Dynamics of Foreign Direct Investments in Land and Pollution Accumulation

“…The revenues coming from the pollution tax are used to finance environmental defensive expenditures. Our model differs in several respects from other similar frameworks proposed by López (2010) and Antoci et al (2014Antoci et al ( , 2015a who adopt two-sector models with environmental externalities and heterogeneous agents. While the aforementioned contributions study an industrial sector and a resource-dependent sector, analysing the allocation of labour endowment and the welfare of local workers, here two agricultural sectors are examined, analysing the allocation of land endowment and the welfare of local land owners.…”

“…While the aforementioned contributions study an industrial sector and a resource-dependent sector, analysing the allocation of labour endowment and the welfare of local workers, here two agricultural sectors are examined, analysing the allocation of land endowment and the welfare of local land owners. Moreover, in López (2010) and Antoci et al (2014Antoci et al ( , 2015a local agents can defend themselves from environmental degradation only by working for the polluting sector. In our model, instead, in addition to rent their land to the polluting sector, also the government can defend local agents from environmental degradation by using the revenues raised through the pollution tax.…”

“…In our model, instead, in addition to rent their land to the polluting sector, also the government can defend local agents from environmental degradation by using the revenues raised through the pollution tax. Finally, differently from López (2010) and Antoci et al (2014Antoci et al ( , 2015a who measure environmental degradation in terms of depletion of natural resources, here environmental degradation is proxied by the pollution level.…”

Research on the Performance Evaluation of Public Investment in Rural Areas Based on DEA Network Model

“…The Chinese government put the development of modern agriculture, building a new socialist countryside, as a contemporary historical mission to complete, at all levels of the government promulgated and strengthen a series on modern agricultural development policies and measures, provides the powerful safeguard for the development of China's modern agriculture. Public investment in rural areas as the provider of public goods in rural areas is the main source of funding, to solidify the foundation of agriculture, promote economic and social development in rural areas and farmers continued to increase, narrowing between urban and rural areas people's living standards and public service gap played an important role [1]. In the past decades, the government has tilted the city and industry in public investment policy, and the result is that the income gap between urban and rural areas has increased continuously.…”

“…Study on the performance evaluation of public investment in rural areas can promote the optimal allocation of public resources [2][3]. 1 The scarcity of resources requires us to use resources effectively. The classical economic school thinks that the "invisible hand" of the market economy can promote the efficient allocation of resources and improve the efficiency of resource utilization.…”